ABFAS boards (Rearfoot and forefoot) Exam Latest Updated 2025
Questions With Detailed Aswers
Difference between technetium and gallium - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
Technetium binds to hydroxyapatite and is seen in areas of high bone
turnover.
Gallium binds to WBC's and is seen in areas of increased inflammation.
If used together, Technetium should be given first.
Which ASA class has 2-3x risk for post-op complications. - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-ASA class III: specifically a pulmonary complication
How is LMWH excreted? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-through the kidneys;
should be avoided in those with kidney failure
Which local anesthetic is lease likely to cause methemoglobinemia? -
VERIFIED ANSWERS-Marcaine
although is is very rare for the other local anesthetics anyway.
What does exposure mean in medical research? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
Any factors or characteristics that may explain/predict a certain outcome.
What types of fixation provide compression and also osteogenesis.
How do things provide osteogenesis? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-Lag screws
and dynamic compression plates.
The lack of motion stimulates osteogenesis
Why is alcohol used to dilute phenol? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-phenol is
insoluble in water, but is soluble in alcohol.
Should diuretics be held prior to surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-yes,
hypotension is common in surgery and taking a diuretic may exacerbate
the hypotension
,anticoagulant that is a direct thrombin inhibitor? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
dabigatran
Term in a research study for all people who enter a study regardless of
treatment, exposure, or ability to complete the study? - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-study population
antibiotic for open fracture at a farm? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-10-20 million
units of penicillin due to possibility of clostridium contamination.
Why is thermal necrosis of bone problematic? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
increased zone of resorption at osteotomy site
met base osteotomy with high rate of dorsal malunion - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-crescentic osteotomy
Correction of digiti quinti varus with V-y skin plasty often doesn't work due
to... - VERIFIED ANSWERS-inability of V-Y plasty to correct the deformity
adequately
When is midstance phase of gait? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-opposite side
toe off.
apex of deformity in anterior cavus foot with occur at which joint? -
VERIFIED ANSWERS-1st met cuneiform joint
effect on mu receptors with surgery?
What affect does this have on pain killers? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-Mu
receptor are up regulated, this causes opioids to be more effective for pain
control
most common complication with polycactyly treatment. - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-Removal of the wrong extra digit.
-Need adequate pre-op planning and vascular assessment.
What are the stages of anesthesia? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-1.
amnesia/analgesia
2. delirium
3. surgical anesthesia
,4. overdose
What are the characteristics of stage 3 anesthesia? 4 planes - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-Surgical anesthesia:
1) regular respiration, no eyelid reflex
2)slowed breathing
3)stops breathing, no laryngeal reflexes
4)intercostal paralysis, fully dilated pupils
Characteristics of moderate/conscious sedation - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
responds purposefully. Does not require airway intervention
what is the least common polydactyly?
Which the is the most common? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-Central
polydactyly.
postaxial polydactyly is the most common
What type of fracture will tension band wiring not work? - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-comminuted fractures
What is the minimum muscle strength grade for tendon transfer? -
VERIFIED ANSWERS-4
maximum age of test results for surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-4-6
months, if labs are older than that, they should be redrawn prior to surgery
most common cause of hammer toe? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-flexor
stabilization
screws in mini frag set? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-1.5
2.0
2.7
Screw in small frag set? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-3.5
4.0
screws in large frag set - VERIFIED ANSWERS-4.5
6.5
, What is the jones tenosuspension - VERIFIED ANSWERS-Transfer of EHL
to proximal phalanx
you will also need to fuse the IPJ.
palpable posterior tibial pulse gives a digit amputations __% chance to heal
- VERIFIED ANSWERS-90%
if PT pulse palpable, digital amputation have 90% chance to heal.
treatment for anaphylaxis during surgery - VERIFIED ANSWERS-IV
epinephrine
How does cocaine cause vasoconstriction - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
potentiates the effect of norepinephrine, causing vasoconstriction.
Which ligament primarily limits inversion of STJ - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
Cervical ligament
What heat modality is contraindicated in children? why? - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-ultrasound, because it can potentially cause premature closure
of growth plate
Indication for peroneal longus to peroneus brevis tenodesis - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-1st metatarsal overload
ludloff vs mau osteotomy - VERIFIED ANSWERS-ludloff- oblique,
shortening osteotomy from dorsal proximal to plantar distal.
Mau- shortening osteotomy from dorsal distal to plantar proximal
reason for allergic reaction to ester anesthetica - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
PABA
What causes floating toe in brachymetatarsia? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
lack of tension on the plantar fascia
When would you CRPP a 1st met fracture on a child? - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-interposition of the sesamoid apparatus
Questions With Detailed Aswers
Difference between technetium and gallium - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
Technetium binds to hydroxyapatite and is seen in areas of high bone
turnover.
Gallium binds to WBC's and is seen in areas of increased inflammation.
If used together, Technetium should be given first.
Which ASA class has 2-3x risk for post-op complications. - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-ASA class III: specifically a pulmonary complication
How is LMWH excreted? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-through the kidneys;
should be avoided in those with kidney failure
Which local anesthetic is lease likely to cause methemoglobinemia? -
VERIFIED ANSWERS-Marcaine
although is is very rare for the other local anesthetics anyway.
What does exposure mean in medical research? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
Any factors or characteristics that may explain/predict a certain outcome.
What types of fixation provide compression and also osteogenesis.
How do things provide osteogenesis? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-Lag screws
and dynamic compression plates.
The lack of motion stimulates osteogenesis
Why is alcohol used to dilute phenol? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-phenol is
insoluble in water, but is soluble in alcohol.
Should diuretics be held prior to surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-yes,
hypotension is common in surgery and taking a diuretic may exacerbate
the hypotension
,anticoagulant that is a direct thrombin inhibitor? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
dabigatran
Term in a research study for all people who enter a study regardless of
treatment, exposure, or ability to complete the study? - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-study population
antibiotic for open fracture at a farm? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-10-20 million
units of penicillin due to possibility of clostridium contamination.
Why is thermal necrosis of bone problematic? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
increased zone of resorption at osteotomy site
met base osteotomy with high rate of dorsal malunion - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-crescentic osteotomy
Correction of digiti quinti varus with V-y skin plasty often doesn't work due
to... - VERIFIED ANSWERS-inability of V-Y plasty to correct the deformity
adequately
When is midstance phase of gait? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-opposite side
toe off.
apex of deformity in anterior cavus foot with occur at which joint? -
VERIFIED ANSWERS-1st met cuneiform joint
effect on mu receptors with surgery?
What affect does this have on pain killers? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-Mu
receptor are up regulated, this causes opioids to be more effective for pain
control
most common complication with polycactyly treatment. - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-Removal of the wrong extra digit.
-Need adequate pre-op planning and vascular assessment.
What are the stages of anesthesia? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-1.
amnesia/analgesia
2. delirium
3. surgical anesthesia
,4. overdose
What are the characteristics of stage 3 anesthesia? 4 planes - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-Surgical anesthesia:
1) regular respiration, no eyelid reflex
2)slowed breathing
3)stops breathing, no laryngeal reflexes
4)intercostal paralysis, fully dilated pupils
Characteristics of moderate/conscious sedation - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
responds purposefully. Does not require airway intervention
what is the least common polydactyly?
Which the is the most common? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-Central
polydactyly.
postaxial polydactyly is the most common
What type of fracture will tension band wiring not work? - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-comminuted fractures
What is the minimum muscle strength grade for tendon transfer? -
VERIFIED ANSWERS-4
maximum age of test results for surgery? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-4-6
months, if labs are older than that, they should be redrawn prior to surgery
most common cause of hammer toe? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-flexor
stabilization
screws in mini frag set? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-1.5
2.0
2.7
Screw in small frag set? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-3.5
4.0
screws in large frag set - VERIFIED ANSWERS-4.5
6.5
, What is the jones tenosuspension - VERIFIED ANSWERS-Transfer of EHL
to proximal phalanx
you will also need to fuse the IPJ.
palpable posterior tibial pulse gives a digit amputations __% chance to heal
- VERIFIED ANSWERS-90%
if PT pulse palpable, digital amputation have 90% chance to heal.
treatment for anaphylaxis during surgery - VERIFIED ANSWERS-IV
epinephrine
How does cocaine cause vasoconstriction - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
potentiates the effect of norepinephrine, causing vasoconstriction.
Which ligament primarily limits inversion of STJ - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
Cervical ligament
What heat modality is contraindicated in children? why? - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-ultrasound, because it can potentially cause premature closure
of growth plate
Indication for peroneal longus to peroneus brevis tenodesis - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-1st metatarsal overload
ludloff vs mau osteotomy - VERIFIED ANSWERS-ludloff- oblique,
shortening osteotomy from dorsal proximal to plantar distal.
Mau- shortening osteotomy from dorsal distal to plantar proximal
reason for allergic reaction to ester anesthetica - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
PABA
What causes floating toe in brachymetatarsia? - VERIFIED ANSWERS-
lack of tension on the plantar fascia
When would you CRPP a 1st met fracture on a child? - VERIFIED
ANSWERS-interposition of the sesamoid apparatus
