Medical Surgical 106 Exam 1 With All Questions And Correct
Answers 100% Verified Updated!!
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Which of the following changes in a client's laboratory values will the nurse correlate
with the administration of a blood transfusion? A. Blood glucose decrease
B. Serum sodium 133 mEq/L (mmol/L)
C. Serum potassium 5.2 mEq/L (mmol/L)
D. White blood cell count decreased to 4,000/mm3 (4 × 109/L)
C
Red blood cells have high concentrations of potassium and some cells rupture during a
transfusion. This releases intracellular potassium into the blood causing hyperkalemia.
The nurse identifies that a client is experiencing a hemolytic transfusion reaction. What
is the first priority action by the nurse to prevent harm?
A. Flush the blood tubing with normal saline
B. Activate the Rapid Response Team
C. Administer oxygen via face mask
D. Discontinue the transfusion
D
A hemolytic transfusion reaction most often occurs because the client has a different
blood type than the blood being transfused. This is a life-threatening problem and the
nurse must prevent more blood from entering the client and increasing the reaction. So,
the first priority is to stop the infusion and then apply oxygen while another health care
worker notifies the Rapid Response Team. The nurse does not flush the blood tubing
with normal saline because such action propels more blood into the client and
exacerbates the reaction.
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With the initiation of a blood transfusion, which of the following types of transfusion
reactions does the nurse suspect when a client exhibits fever, chills, tachycardia, and
,hypotension?
A. Allergic
B. Bacterial
C. Circulatory overload
D. Graft-versus-host disease
B
This is a transfusion reaction where the transfused blood product has been
contaminated. Symptoms are fever, chills, tachycardia, and hypotension.
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1. Which of the following statements about the development of neoplasms are true?
Choose all that apply.
A. Neoplasms are considered cancer cells.
B. All neoplasms are considered abnormal.
C. Neoplasms are derived from normal cells.
D. Neoplasms are considered benign tumors.
E. Neoplasms represent new tissue growth that is not needed for structure or function.
F. Neoplasms occur when suppressor genes prevent normal growth factors from
stimulating cell division.
A, B, C, D, E
Neoplasia is any new or continued cell growth not needed for normal development or
replacement of dead tissues. Although all neoplastic cells are derived-from (come from)
normal cells they are always considered abnormal even if they cause no harm (are
benign). Thus some neoplasias (or neoplastic cells) are benign and others are malignant
(cancer cells) which means that normal cellular regulation has been disrupted. The
major disruption is when suppressor genes are not able to do their functions of
controlling cell growth. Suppressor genes block cell division if an unwanted cell division
path is taking off. They only suppress abnormal cell growth.
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Which of the following human body cells continue to divide throughout life, and which do
not?
,A. Bronchial lining
B. Skeletal muscle
C. Skin
D. Bone marrow
E. Neurons
F. Intestinal lining
A, C, D, F
The epithelial linings of glandular tissues, such as bronchial lining and intestinal lining,
are frequently injured and need constant renewal, just like the skin. Therefore, these
tissues renew themselves by mitosis every day. The bone marrow produces over a
billion new cells daily. are the cell types Bone marrow cells renew themselves through
mitosis much more frequently than any other normal cell type and maintain this potential
throughout life. The skin, being on the exterior of the body, also continually loses cells
that must be replaced. Skeletal muscle cells and neurons are considered nonmitotic
tissue that seldom undergoes mitosis even in the event of cell injury or death.
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What factor or conditions make normal cells euploid?
A. Are unable to migrate
B. Retain contact inhibition
C. Have the normal number of chromosome pairs
D. Only undergo mitosis when new cells are needed
C
Euploid means that cells have the correct number of chromosomes (chromosome pairs)
for the species. For humans, all somatic body cells that have a nucleus have 46
chromosomes (23 pairs).
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Which of the following characteristics of a tumor would classify it as benign rather than
malignant?
A. It is not painful.
, B. It is less than 2 cm in size.
C. It is encapsulated.
D. It evokes the sensation of itching.
C
Benign tumors are formed from normal cells that are growing in an inappropriate
location or at an inappropriate time, or growing when no need for them exists. They
grow by expansion rather than invasion and are often encapsulated. The size and the
fact that it is painless does not mean the tumor is benign. Also, the presence of any
sensation such as itching does not rule out malignancy.
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Which characteristics are most associated with malignant tumors rather than with
benign tumors? Select all that apply.
A. Have more or fewer than normal chromosomes
B. Arise from normal parent tissues
C. Have growth that is orderly with normal growth patterns
D. Perform their differentiated function
E. Invade other tissues
F. Do not respond to signals for contact inhibition
A, E, F
Malignant tumor cells are usually aneuploid, not contact inhibited, and invade other
tissues and organs. The cells of malignant tumors do arise from normal parent tissues,
just as the cells of benign tumors do, but they lose their ordered growth pattern and fail
to continue their differentiated functions.
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What is the nurse's best response to a client who says that she has heard that the origin
of most cancers is "genetic?"
A. "The development of most cancers is predetermined and not affected by
environmental factors."
Answers 100% Verified Updated!!
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Which of the following changes in a client's laboratory values will the nurse correlate
with the administration of a blood transfusion? A. Blood glucose decrease
B. Serum sodium 133 mEq/L (mmol/L)
C. Serum potassium 5.2 mEq/L (mmol/L)
D. White blood cell count decreased to 4,000/mm3 (4 × 109/L)
C
Red blood cells have high concentrations of potassium and some cells rupture during a
transfusion. This releases intracellular potassium into the blood causing hyperkalemia.
The nurse identifies that a client is experiencing a hemolytic transfusion reaction. What
is the first priority action by the nurse to prevent harm?
A. Flush the blood tubing with normal saline
B. Activate the Rapid Response Team
C. Administer oxygen via face mask
D. Discontinue the transfusion
D
A hemolytic transfusion reaction most often occurs because the client has a different
blood type than the blood being transfused. This is a life-threatening problem and the
nurse must prevent more blood from entering the client and increasing the reaction. So,
the first priority is to stop the infusion and then apply oxygen while another health care
worker notifies the Rapid Response Team. The nurse does not flush the blood tubing
with normal saline because such action propels more blood into the client and
exacerbates the reaction.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
With the initiation of a blood transfusion, which of the following types of transfusion
reactions does the nurse suspect when a client exhibits fever, chills, tachycardia, and
,hypotension?
A. Allergic
B. Bacterial
C. Circulatory overload
D. Graft-versus-host disease
B
This is a transfusion reaction where the transfused blood product has been
contaminated. Symptoms are fever, chills, tachycardia, and hypotension.
We have a professional solution to this problem!
1. Which of the following statements about the development of neoplasms are true?
Choose all that apply.
A. Neoplasms are considered cancer cells.
B. All neoplasms are considered abnormal.
C. Neoplasms are derived from normal cells.
D. Neoplasms are considered benign tumors.
E. Neoplasms represent new tissue growth that is not needed for structure or function.
F. Neoplasms occur when suppressor genes prevent normal growth factors from
stimulating cell division.
A, B, C, D, E
Neoplasia is any new or continued cell growth not needed for normal development or
replacement of dead tissues. Although all neoplastic cells are derived-from (come from)
normal cells they are always considered abnormal even if they cause no harm (are
benign). Thus some neoplasias (or neoplastic cells) are benign and others are malignant
(cancer cells) which means that normal cellular regulation has been disrupted. The
major disruption is when suppressor genes are not able to do their functions of
controlling cell growth. Suppressor genes block cell division if an unwanted cell division
path is taking off. They only suppress abnormal cell growth.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Which of the following human body cells continue to divide throughout life, and which do
not?
,A. Bronchial lining
B. Skeletal muscle
C. Skin
D. Bone marrow
E. Neurons
F. Intestinal lining
A, C, D, F
The epithelial linings of glandular tissues, such as bronchial lining and intestinal lining,
are frequently injured and need constant renewal, just like the skin. Therefore, these
tissues renew themselves by mitosis every day. The bone marrow produces over a
billion new cells daily. are the cell types Bone marrow cells renew themselves through
mitosis much more frequently than any other normal cell type and maintain this potential
throughout life. The skin, being on the exterior of the body, also continually loses cells
that must be replaced. Skeletal muscle cells and neurons are considered nonmitotic
tissue that seldom undergoes mitosis even in the event of cell injury or death.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
What factor or conditions make normal cells euploid?
A. Are unable to migrate
B. Retain contact inhibition
C. Have the normal number of chromosome pairs
D. Only undergo mitosis when new cells are needed
C
Euploid means that cells have the correct number of chromosomes (chromosome pairs)
for the species. For humans, all somatic body cells that have a nucleus have 46
chromosomes (23 pairs).
We have an expert solution to this problem!
Which of the following characteristics of a tumor would classify it as benign rather than
malignant?
A. It is not painful.
, B. It is less than 2 cm in size.
C. It is encapsulated.
D. It evokes the sensation of itching.
C
Benign tumors are formed from normal cells that are growing in an inappropriate
location or at an inappropriate time, or growing when no need for them exists. They
grow by expansion rather than invasion and are often encapsulated. The size and the
fact that it is painless does not mean the tumor is benign. Also, the presence of any
sensation such as itching does not rule out malignancy.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Which characteristics are most associated with malignant tumors rather than with
benign tumors? Select all that apply.
A. Have more or fewer than normal chromosomes
B. Arise from normal parent tissues
C. Have growth that is orderly with normal growth patterns
D. Perform their differentiated function
E. Invade other tissues
F. Do not respond to signals for contact inhibition
A, E, F
Malignant tumor cells are usually aneuploid, not contact inhibited, and invade other
tissues and organs. The cells of malignant tumors do arise from normal parent tissues,
just as the cells of benign tumors do, but they lose their ordered growth pattern and fail
to continue their differentiated functions.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
What is the nurse's best response to a client who says that she has heard that the origin
of most cancers is "genetic?"
A. "The development of most cancers is predetermined and not affected by
environmental factors."
