Unlock the Mysteries of Mitosis & Meiosis: Essential Q&A for Your Next Exam

Unlock the Mysteries of Mitosis & Meiosis: Essential Q&A for Your Next Exam The effect of an insertion or deletion of a small number of nucleotides depends on: (select all that apply) A. whether it occurs in a coding region or non-coding region of the DNA. B. its size. C. whether it occurs in a germ-line cell or somatic cell. D. whether it involves purine or pyrimidine bases. E. where it occurs on a chromosome. - ANS A. whether it occurs in a coding region or non-coding region of the DNA. B. its size. The genome of a newly identified organism is discovered and genome assembly shows that it is a single continuous strand of DNA. Which is more likely? A. The organism is a bacterium. B. The organism is a eukaryote. C. Either option is equally possible. - ANS A. The organism is a bacterium. Dosage refers to the number of copies of each gene in a chromosome. A. true B. false - ANS A. true The use of antibiotics is creating the mutations in bacteria that make them resistant to these antibiotics. A. true B. false - ANS B. false The fact that humans have a relatively large number of mutations per genome per generation when compared to other organisms can be explained by: A. human cells don't divide as often as those of other organisms. B. humans are so complex we have multiple proteins doing the same job. C. most of a human's DNA is noncoding, so most of the mutations are neutral. D. humans have multiple proteins doing the same job, and our cells don't divide as often as other those of other organisms. E. most of these mutations happen after reproduction, so they wouldn't be selected against. - ANS C. most of a human's DNA is noncoding, so most of the mutations are neutral. Which of the following would best describe the results seen in a flower whose sectors have different pigmentation? A. the result of a deletion B. the result of transposable elements C. the result of the plant being triploid D. the result of the plant being tetraploid E. the result of a germ-line mutation - ANS B. the result of transposable elements A trinucleotide of 5'CTC3' or 5'TTC3' is transcribed and then translated into the amino acid glutamic acid. A trinucleotide of 5'CAA3' or 5'TAC3' is transcribed and then translated into valine. In sickle-cell hemoglobin, valine is present instead of glutamic acid. Assuming a single base pair substitution has occurred, what is the mRNA code for valine in the affected mutant? A. CUU B. GAA C. GAG D. GUA E. UUG - ANS D. GUA Mutation rates (of nucleotides): A. are higher in organisms with larger genomes. B. are similar across all organisms. C. are highest in viruses. D. are lower in organisms with larger genomes. E. are highest in the bacteria. - ANS C. are highest in viruses. At the start of mitosis, how many centromeres are present in a human cell? A. 46 B. 12 C. 23 D. 92 - ANS A. 46 Which of the following statements is true regarding binary fission? A. Proteins only anchor the originalcircular genome to the plasma membrane; the copy produced by DNA replication is free-floating. B. In binary fission, cell division is typically asymmetrical, with one daughter cell appearing much smaller than the other. C. Tubulin, rather than FtsZ, is responsible for cell division during binary fission. D. DNA replication during binary fission is a bidirectionalprocess, occurring in opposite directions. E. None of the above answers are correct. - ANS D. DNA replication during binary fission is a bidirectionalprocess, occurring in opposite directions. Why don't plant cells use a contractile ring to divide their daughter cells? A. Plant cells don't have an actin cytoskeleton. B. Plant cells don't form daughter cells. C. A contractile ring can't "pinch" a cell wall. D. Plant cells don't have plasma membranes. - ANS C. A contractile ring can't "pinch" a cell wall. Predict what would happen if crossing over occurred as part of mitosis. A. Daughter cells could contain two copies of the same allele. B. Daughter cells would not be genetically identical. C. There would be no effect since sister chromatids separate in anaphase. D. Daughter cells would not be genetically identical, and they could contain two copies of the same allele. - ANS D. Daughter cells would not be genetically identical, and they could contain two copies of the same allele. Sexual reproduction: A. results in a new generation with the same number of chromosomes as the parents. B. results in a new generation that is not genetically identical to its parents. C. results in offspring that are not genetically identical. D. results from combining genetic material from two gametes. E. All of these choices are correct. - ANS E. All of these choices are correct.