MED SURG HESI LATEST EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE
2025| ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES | VERIFIED ANSWERS
Impaired
neural functioning Paralytic ileus occurs when neurologic impulses are diminished
as a result of anesthesia, infection, or surgery. Interference in blood supply will
result in necrosis of the bowel. Perforation of the bowel will result in pain and
peritonitis. Obstruction of the bowel initially will cause increased peristalsis and
bowel sounds. CORRECT ANSWER Four days after abdominal surgery a client
has not passed flatus and there are no bowel sounds. Paralytic ileus is suspected.
What does the nurse conclude is the most likely cause of the ileus?
Ammonia level
Increased ammonia levels indicate that the liver is unable to detoxify protein by-
products. Neomycin reduces the amount of ammonia-forming bacteria in the
intestines. Culture and sensitivity testing is unnecessary; cirrhosis is an
inflammatory, not infectious, process. Increased white blood cell count may
indicate infection; however, this will have no relationship to the need for
neomycin enemas. ALT, also called serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT),
assesses for liver disease but has no relationship to the need for neomycin
enemas. CORRECT ANSWER A nurse is caring for a client with cirrhosis of the
liver. Which laboratory test should the nurse monitor that, when abnormal, might
identify a client who may benefit from neomycin enemas?
, Arthritis
Chronic fatigue
R: Systemic infectious disease caused by Spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi.
CORRECT ANSWER Name the characteristics that support chronic persistent
stage of Lyme disease
Fatigue
Mild chest pain
dry cough
R:The manifestations include low-grade fever; fatigue; mild chest pain; and a dry,
harsh cough. Inhalation anthrax is a two-stage illness, prodromal and fulminant.
The prodromal stage is the early stage and is difficult to distinguish from influenza
or pneumonia. A special feature of inhalation anthrax is that it is not accompanied
by upper respiratory manifestations of sore throat or rhinitis. CORRECT
ANSWER symptoms of Prodomal stage w/inhalation of anthrax.
Sarcoidosis and poison ivy
In type IV hypersensitivity, the inflammation is caused by a reaction of sensitized T
cells with the antigen and the resultant activation of macrophages due to
lymphokine release. Myasthenia gravis is an example of a type II or cytotoxic
hypersensitivity reaction. Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus
are examples of type III immune complex-mediated reactions. CORRECT
ANSWER Which are examples of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
2025| ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES | VERIFIED ANSWERS
Impaired
neural functioning Paralytic ileus occurs when neurologic impulses are diminished
as a result of anesthesia, infection, or surgery. Interference in blood supply will
result in necrosis of the bowel. Perforation of the bowel will result in pain and
peritonitis. Obstruction of the bowel initially will cause increased peristalsis and
bowel sounds. CORRECT ANSWER Four days after abdominal surgery a client
has not passed flatus and there are no bowel sounds. Paralytic ileus is suspected.
What does the nurse conclude is the most likely cause of the ileus?
Ammonia level
Increased ammonia levels indicate that the liver is unable to detoxify protein by-
products. Neomycin reduces the amount of ammonia-forming bacteria in the
intestines. Culture and sensitivity testing is unnecessary; cirrhosis is an
inflammatory, not infectious, process. Increased white blood cell count may
indicate infection; however, this will have no relationship to the need for
neomycin enemas. ALT, also called serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT),
assesses for liver disease but has no relationship to the need for neomycin
enemas. CORRECT ANSWER A nurse is caring for a client with cirrhosis of the
liver. Which laboratory test should the nurse monitor that, when abnormal, might
identify a client who may benefit from neomycin enemas?
, Arthritis
Chronic fatigue
R: Systemic infectious disease caused by Spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi.
CORRECT ANSWER Name the characteristics that support chronic persistent
stage of Lyme disease
Fatigue
Mild chest pain
dry cough
R:The manifestations include low-grade fever; fatigue; mild chest pain; and a dry,
harsh cough. Inhalation anthrax is a two-stage illness, prodromal and fulminant.
The prodromal stage is the early stage and is difficult to distinguish from influenza
or pneumonia. A special feature of inhalation anthrax is that it is not accompanied
by upper respiratory manifestations of sore throat or rhinitis. CORRECT
ANSWER symptoms of Prodomal stage w/inhalation of anthrax.
Sarcoidosis and poison ivy
In type IV hypersensitivity, the inflammation is caused by a reaction of sensitized T
cells with the antigen and the resultant activation of macrophages due to
lymphokine release. Myasthenia gravis is an example of a type II or cytotoxic
hypersensitivity reaction. Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus
are examples of type III immune complex-mediated reactions. CORRECT
ANSWER Which are examples of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
