https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416797/testbank-for-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry
,https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416797/testbank-for-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry
Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Cellular foundations
Pages: 2-4 Difficulty: 1 Ans: C
In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
A) cell envelope.
B) cell membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. Cellular foundations
Page: 3 Difficulty: 1 Ans: E
A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability.
C) plasma membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus.
3. Cellular foundations
Page: 3 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
A) cell membrane.
B) nuclear envelope.
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. Cellular foundations
Page: 4 Difficulty: 1 Ans: C
The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of biomolecules
necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of solutes such as oxygen.
Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and diameters in the range of:
A) 0.1 m to 10 m.
B) 0.3 m to 30 m.
C) 0.3 m to 100 m.
D) 1 m to 100 m.
E) 1 m to 300 m.
,https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416797/testbank-for-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry
2 Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry
5. Cellular foundations
Page: 4 Difficulty: 2 Ans: B
Which group of single-celled micro-organisms has many members found growing in extreme
environments?
A) bacteria.
B) archaea.
C) eukaryotes.
D) heterotrophs.
E) none of the above.
6. Cellular foundations
Page: 5 Difficulty: 2 Ans: B
The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy—it is therefore a:
F) chemoautotroph.
G) chemoheterotroph.
H) lithotroph.
I) photoautotroph.
J) photoheterotroph.
7. Cellular foundations
Page: 6-8 Difficulty: 2 Ans: B
Which one of the following has the cellular components arranged in order of increasing size?
A) Amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
B) Amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
C) Amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
D) Protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
E) Protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
8. Cellular foundations
Page: 10 Difficulty: 2 Ans: A
The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily through
noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is not considered a noncovalent interaction?
A) carbon-carbon bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) hydrophobic interactions
D) ionic interactions
E) van der Waals interactions
9. Chemical foundations
Page: 11 Difficulty: 2 Ans: E
Which one of the following is not among the four most abundant elements in living organisms?
A) Carbon
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Oxygen
E) Phosphorus
,https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416797/testbank-for-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry
Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry 3
10. Chemical foundations
Page: 12-13 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
The four covalent bonds in methane (CH4) are arranged around carbon to give which one of the
following geometries?
A) linear
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal bipyramidal
D) trigonal planar
E) trigonal pyramidal
11. Chemical foundations
Page: 12 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
What functional groups are present on this molecule?
A) ether and aldehyde
B) hydroxyl and aldehyde
C) hydroxyl and carboxylic acid
D) hydroxyl and ester
E) hydroxyl and ketone
12. Chemical foundations
Page: 14 Difficulty: 1 Ans: D
The macromolecules that serve in the storage and transmission of genetic information are:
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic acids.
E) proteins.
13. Chemical foundations
Page: 16 Difficulty: 1 Ans: D
Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans isomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric isomers.
,https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416797/testbank-for-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry
4 Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry
14. Chemical foundations
Page: 18 Difficulty: 3 Ans: E
The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumaric acid to l-malate, but it will not
catalyze the hydration of maleic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid. This is an example of:
A) biological activity.
B) chiral activity.
C) racemization.
D) stereoisomerization.
E) stereospecificity.
15. Physical foundations
Page: 20 Difficulty: 2 Ans: A
Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and degrading it.
This is an example of a(n):
A) dynamic steady state.
B) equilibrium state.
C) exergonic change.
D) free-energy change.
E) waste of energy.
16. Physical foundations
Page: 22 Difficulty: 1 Ans: C
If heat energy is absorbed by the system during a chemical reaction, the reaction is said to be:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
17. Physical foundations
Page: 22 Difficulty: 2 Ans: D
If the free energy change G for a reaction is -46.11 kJ/mol, the reaction is:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
, https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416797/testbank-for-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry
Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry 5
18. Physical foundations
Page: 23 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C
The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells is:
A) acetyl triphosphate.
B) adenosine monophosphate.
C) adenosine triphosphate.
D) cytosine tetraphosphate.
E) uridine diphosphate.
19. Physical foundations
Page: 25 Difficulty: 2 Ans: A
Enzymes are biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by:
A) decreasing the activation energy.
B) decreasing the amount of free energy released.
C) increasing the activation energy.
D) increasing the amount of free energy released.
E) increasing the energy of the transition state.
20. Physical foundations
Page: 25 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
Energy requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler precursors are:
A) amphibolic.
B) anabolic.
C) autotrophic.
D) catabolic.
E) heterotrophic.
21. Genetic foundations
Page: 27 Difficulty: 1 Ans: A
Hereditary information (with the exception of some viruses) is preserved in:
A) deoxyribonucleic acid.
B) membrane structures.
C) nuclei.
D) polysaccharides.
E) ribonucleic acid.
22. Genetic foundations
Page: 28 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C
When a region of DNA must be repaired by removing and replacing some of the nucleotides, what
ensures that the new nucleotides are in the correct sequence?
A) DNA cannot be repaired and this explains why mutations occur.
B) Specific enzymes bind the correct nucleotides.
C) The new nucleotides basepair accurately with those on the complementary strand.
D) The repair enzyme recognizes the removed nucleotide and brings in an identical one to replace it.
E) The three-dimensional structure determines the order of nucleotides.
,https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416797/testbank-for-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry
Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Cellular foundations
Pages: 2-4 Difficulty: 1 Ans: C
In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
A) cell envelope.
B) cell membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. Cellular foundations
Page: 3 Difficulty: 1 Ans: E
A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability.
C) plasma membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus.
3. Cellular foundations
Page: 3 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
A) cell membrane.
B) nuclear envelope.
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. Cellular foundations
Page: 4 Difficulty: 1 Ans: C
The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of biomolecules
necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of solutes such as oxygen.
Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and diameters in the range of:
A) 0.1 m to 10 m.
B) 0.3 m to 30 m.
C) 0.3 m to 100 m.
D) 1 m to 100 m.
E) 1 m to 300 m.
,https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416797/testbank-for-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry
2 Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry
5. Cellular foundations
Page: 4 Difficulty: 2 Ans: B
Which group of single-celled micro-organisms has many members found growing in extreme
environments?
A) bacteria.
B) archaea.
C) eukaryotes.
D) heterotrophs.
E) none of the above.
6. Cellular foundations
Page: 5 Difficulty: 2 Ans: B
The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy—it is therefore a:
F) chemoautotroph.
G) chemoheterotroph.
H) lithotroph.
I) photoautotroph.
J) photoheterotroph.
7. Cellular foundations
Page: 6-8 Difficulty: 2 Ans: B
Which one of the following has the cellular components arranged in order of increasing size?
A) Amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
B) Amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
C) Amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
D) Protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
E) Protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
8. Cellular foundations
Page: 10 Difficulty: 2 Ans: A
The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily through
noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is not considered a noncovalent interaction?
A) carbon-carbon bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) hydrophobic interactions
D) ionic interactions
E) van der Waals interactions
9. Chemical foundations
Page: 11 Difficulty: 2 Ans: E
Which one of the following is not among the four most abundant elements in living organisms?
A) Carbon
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Oxygen
E) Phosphorus
,https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416797/testbank-for-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry
Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry 3
10. Chemical foundations
Page: 12-13 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
The four covalent bonds in methane (CH4) are arranged around carbon to give which one of the
following geometries?
A) linear
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal bipyramidal
D) trigonal planar
E) trigonal pyramidal
11. Chemical foundations
Page: 12 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
What functional groups are present on this molecule?
A) ether and aldehyde
B) hydroxyl and aldehyde
C) hydroxyl and carboxylic acid
D) hydroxyl and ester
E) hydroxyl and ketone
12. Chemical foundations
Page: 14 Difficulty: 1 Ans: D
The macromolecules that serve in the storage and transmission of genetic information are:
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic acids.
E) proteins.
13. Chemical foundations
Page: 16 Difficulty: 1 Ans: D
Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans isomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric isomers.
,https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416797/testbank-for-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry
4 Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry
14. Chemical foundations
Page: 18 Difficulty: 3 Ans: E
The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumaric acid to l-malate, but it will not
catalyze the hydration of maleic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid. This is an example of:
A) biological activity.
B) chiral activity.
C) racemization.
D) stereoisomerization.
E) stereospecificity.
15. Physical foundations
Page: 20 Difficulty: 2 Ans: A
Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and degrading it.
This is an example of a(n):
A) dynamic steady state.
B) equilibrium state.
C) exergonic change.
D) free-energy change.
E) waste of energy.
16. Physical foundations
Page: 22 Difficulty: 1 Ans: C
If heat energy is absorbed by the system during a chemical reaction, the reaction is said to be:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
17. Physical foundations
Page: 22 Difficulty: 2 Ans: D
If the free energy change G for a reaction is -46.11 kJ/mol, the reaction is:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
, https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416797/testbank-for-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry
Chapter 1 The Foundations of Biochemistry 5
18. Physical foundations
Page: 23 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C
The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells is:
A) acetyl triphosphate.
B) adenosine monophosphate.
C) adenosine triphosphate.
D) cytosine tetraphosphate.
E) uridine diphosphate.
19. Physical foundations
Page: 25 Difficulty: 2 Ans: A
Enzymes are biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by:
A) decreasing the activation energy.
B) decreasing the amount of free energy released.
C) increasing the activation energy.
D) increasing the amount of free energy released.
E) increasing the energy of the transition state.
20. Physical foundations
Page: 25 Difficulty: 1 Ans: B
Energy requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler precursors are:
A) amphibolic.
B) anabolic.
C) autotrophic.
D) catabolic.
E) heterotrophic.
21. Genetic foundations
Page: 27 Difficulty: 1 Ans: A
Hereditary information (with the exception of some viruses) is preserved in:
A) deoxyribonucleic acid.
B) membrane structures.
C) nuclei.
D) polysaccharides.
E) ribonucleic acid.
22. Genetic foundations
Page: 28 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C
When a region of DNA must be repaired by removing and replacing some of the nucleotides, what
ensures that the new nucleotides are in the correct sequence?
A) DNA cannot be repaired and this explains why mutations occur.
B) Specific enzymes bind the correct nucleotides.
C) The new nucleotides basepair accurately with those on the complementary strand.
D) The repair enzyme recognizes the removed nucleotide and brings in an identical one to replace it.
E) The three-dimensional structure determines the order of nucleotides.
