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BIOS
BIOS256/ BIOS 256 E XAM 2: (NEW 2025/ 2026
UPDATE) ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IV REVIEW| QS & AS|
GRADE A| 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED ANSWERS)-
1. Describe the chemical composition of Carbohydrates, Lipids and
Proteins(
identify their monomers).: Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides
Lipids: Fatty acid and glycerol
Proteins: Amino acids
2. define hydrolysis: reaction that breaks a covalent bond in a molecule by
adding an OH group to one side of the bond and H to the other side, thus
consuming a water molecule.
3. define Anabolism: process that builds food molecules into complex
chemical compounds
4. define Catabolism: process that breaks food molecules down, releasing
their stored energy; oxygen used in catabolism
5. define Dehydration Synthesis: the creation of larger molecules from
smaller monomers where a water molecule is released
6. List and describe the functions of the following vitamins: Vitamin A,
Vitamin
BIOS256 1/8
, B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E: A: Used in visual pigments ;
antioxidant
B12: Coenzyme required for erythropoiesis
C: Hemoglobin synthesis ; Collagen synthesis ;
Structure of connective tissues ; Antioxidant
D: Promotes calcium absorption and bone mineralization
E: Antioxidant
7. insulin function: -Promotes glycolysis and absorption of glucose into
cells -Inhibits gluconeogenesis
-Lowers blood sugar when it is too high
8. Glucagon function: -Promotes gluconeogenesis and glyconeogenolysis
-Promotes lipolysis to make lipids available for fuel
-Increases blood sugar when it is too low
9. Gastrin function: Stimulates acid secretion and gastric motility
10. Secretin function: regulation of gastric acid, regulation of pancreatic
bicarbonate, Raises pH to the level required for pancreatic and intestinal
digestive enzymes 11. Somatostatin function: Inhibits gastric secretion
and motility; delays emptying of stomach; inhibits secretion by pancreas;
inhibits gallbladder contraction and bile secretion; reduces blood
2/8
BIOS
BIOS256/ BIOS 256 E XAM 2: (NEW 2025/ 2026
UPDATE) ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IV REVIEW| QS & AS|
GRADE A| 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED ANSWERS)-
1. Describe the chemical composition of Carbohydrates, Lipids and
Proteins(
identify their monomers).: Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides
Lipids: Fatty acid and glycerol
Proteins: Amino acids
2. define hydrolysis: reaction that breaks a covalent bond in a molecule by
adding an OH group to one side of the bond and H to the other side, thus
consuming a water molecule.
3. define Anabolism: process that builds food molecules into complex
chemical compounds
4. define Catabolism: process that breaks food molecules down, releasing
their stored energy; oxygen used in catabolism
5. define Dehydration Synthesis: the creation of larger molecules from
smaller monomers where a water molecule is released
6. List and describe the functions of the following vitamins: Vitamin A,
Vitamin
BIOS256 1/8
, B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E: A: Used in visual pigments ;
antioxidant
B12: Coenzyme required for erythropoiesis
C: Hemoglobin synthesis ; Collagen synthesis ;
Structure of connective tissues ; Antioxidant
D: Promotes calcium absorption and bone mineralization
E: Antioxidant
7. insulin function: -Promotes glycolysis and absorption of glucose into
cells -Inhibits gluconeogenesis
-Lowers blood sugar when it is too high
8. Glucagon function: -Promotes gluconeogenesis and glyconeogenolysis
-Promotes lipolysis to make lipids available for fuel
-Increases blood sugar when it is too low
9. Gastrin function: Stimulates acid secretion and gastric motility
10. Secretin function: regulation of gastric acid, regulation of pancreatic
bicarbonate, Raises pH to the level required for pancreatic and intestinal
digestive enzymes 11. Somatostatin function: Inhibits gastric secretion
and motility; delays emptying of stomach; inhibits secretion by pancreas;
inhibits gallbladder contraction and bile secretion; reduces blood
2/8
