Inleiding __________________________________________________________ 9
Inhoud________________________________________________________________9
Deel I. Ontstaan & Bronnen _________________________________________ 10
Ontstaan en finaliteit ___________________________________________________10
Historische inleiding___________________________________________________________ 10
Structuur ____________________________________________________________12
Deelgebieden________________________________________________________________ 12
Codificatie __________________________________________________________________ 12
Bronnen _____________________________________________________________13
Bronnen van het arbeidsrecht ___________________________________________________ 13
Internationale bronnen_________________________________________________________ 13
1. Universele Verklaring Rechten van de Mens ___________________________________ 13
2. ECOSOC-verdrag ________________________________________________________ 14
3. IAO____________________________________________________________________ 14
4. OESO _________________________________________________________________ 14
5. Raad van Europa_________________________________________________________ 14
6. Europese Unie ___________________________________________________________ 15
7. Bilaterale verdragen ______________________________________________________ 17
Nationale bronnen ____________________________________________________________ 17
1. Grondwet _______________________________________________________________ 17
2. Federale regelgeving ______________________________________________________ 18
3. Substatelijke regelgeving___________________________________________________ 18
4. Collectieve Arbeidsovereenkomsten __________________________________________ 19
5. Individuele Arbeidsovereenkomsten__________________________________________ 20
6. Arbeidsreglement ________________________________________________________ 20
7. Gebruik ________________________________________________________________ 20
Hiërarchie __________________________________________________________________ 20
Aard ________________________________________________________________23
Aard _______________________________________________________________________ 23
Imperatieve,dwingende en suppletieve regels ____________________________________ 23
Gevolgen ___________________________________________________________________ 23
Imperatieve,dwingende en suppletieve regels ____________________________________ 23
Autonomie ___________________________________________________________24
Autonomie van het arbeidsrecht _______________________________________________ 24
Taalgebruik ___________________________________________________________25
Taalgebruik in het arbeidsrecht ________________________________________________ 25
Deel II. Collectief Arbeidsrecht ______________________________________ 27
Algemeen ____________________________________________________________27
Algemeen___________________________________________________________________ 27
Wat?_____________________________________________________________________ 27
Rechtsgrond ________________________________________________________________ 27
Rechtsgronden ____________________________________________________________ 27
Partijen overleg _______________________________________________________28
Algemeen___________________________________________________________________ 28
Partijen bij collectief overleg __________________________________________________ 28
Werknemersorganisaties _______________________________________________________ 28
Ontstaan werknemersorganisaties _____________________________________________ 28
Vrijheid van vereniging ______________________________________________________ 29
Grondrechten ______________________________________________________________ 30
1
, Rechtspersoonlijkheid _______________________________________________________ 30
Representativiteit ___________________________________________________________ 31
Europese en internationale vakbonden __________________________________________ 32
Werkgeversorganisaties _______________________________________________________ 33
Overheid ___________________________________________________________________ 33
Niveaus en instellingen _________________________________________________33
Overzicht ___________________________________________________________________ 33
Interprofessioneel ____________________________________________________________ 34
Formeel of informeel overleg __________________________________________________ 34
Formeel of institutioneel overleg _______________________________________________ 35
Formeel overleg op substatelijk niveau __________________________________________ 35
Sectoraal ___________________________________________________________________ 35
Federale sociale overlegorganen ______________________________________________ 35
Federale sociale overlegorganen ______________________________________________ 36
Onderneming ________________________________________________________________ 36
Ondernemingsniveau _______________________________________________________ 36
Vakbondsafvaardiging _______________________________________________________ 37
Ondernemingsraad (OR) _____________________________________________________ 37
Comité voor bescherming en preventie op het werk (CPBW)_________________________ 39
Ontslagbescherming personeelsafgevaardigden OR en CPBW_______________________ 40
PERIODE VAN ONTSLAGBESCHERMING ____________________________________ 40
CAO ________________________________________________________________43
Begrip _____________________________________________________________________ 43
CAO-Wet 5 december 1968 __________________________________________________ 43
Inhoud ___________________________________________________________________ 43
Aangaan/Beëindiging _________________________________________________________ 44
Sluiten en beëindiging cao ___________________________________________________ 44
Binding _____________________________________________________________________ 45
Voor de werknemer _________________________________________________________ 45
Voor de werkgever__________________________________________________________ 45
Primaire binding____________________________________________________________ 45
Voortgezette binding ________________________________________________________ 45
Suppletieve binding _________________________________________________________ 46
Algemeen bindend verklaard __________________________________________________ 46
Samenvatting binding cao ____________________________________________________ 46
Handhaving van de binding cao _______________________________________________ 47
Collectieve conflicten __________________________________________________48
Begrippen __________________________________________________________________ 48
Collectieve geschillen _______________________________________________________ 48
Collectieve acties ___________________________________________________________ 48
Werkstaking _________________________________________________________________ 49
Het recht om te staken ______________________________________________________ 49
Uitsluiting ___________________________________________________________________ 53
Het recht op uitsluiting _______________________________________________________ 53
Beheersen conflict ____________________________________________________________ 54
Conflictenregeling __________________________________________________________ 54
Arbeidsreglement _____________________________________________________55
Algemeen___________________________________________________________________ 55
Opstellen/wijzigen ____________________________________________________________ 56
Inhoud _____________________________________________________________________ 56
Inhoud ___________________________________________________________________ 56
Publiciteit ___________________________________________________________________ 58
Herstructurering van ondernemingen _____________________________________58
2
, Algemeen___________________________________________________________________ 58
Verplichtingen _____________________________________________________________ 58
Collectief ontslag _____________________________________________________________ 59
Begrip ___________________________________________________________________ 59
Doel regelgeving ___________________________________________________________ 59
Procedure ________________________________________________________________ 60
Vergoeding________________________________________________________________ 60
Sluiting onderneming __________________________________________________________ 61
Beginsel __________________________________________________________________ 61
Gelijkstelling door Sluitingsfonds mogelijk: _______________________________________ 61
Informatieverplichting aan ____________________________________________________ 61
Sluitingsvergoeding _________________________________________________________ 61
Waarborg van betalingen_____________________________________________________ 62
Overdracht overneming ________________________________________________________ 62
Deel III. Arbeidsmarktrecht _________________________________________ 62
Werkgelegenheid ______________________________________________________62
Beleid ______________________________________________________________________ 62
Financiële voordelen __________________________________________________________ 63
Tewerkstelling _______________________________________________________________ 64
Werving en selectie ____________________________________________________65
Arbeidsbemiddeling ___________________________________________________________ 65
Uitzendarbeid________________________________________________________________ 65
Terbeschikkingstelling _________________________________________________________ 70
Outplacement _______________________________________________________________ 70
Buitenlands _________________________________________________________________ 71
EER onderdanen ___________________________________________________________ 72
Niet-EER onderdanen _______________________________________________________ 72
___________________________________________________________________________ 73
Sollicitatie en werving _________________________________________________________ 75
Deel IV. Arbeidsovereenkomstenrecht ________________________________ 76
Inleiding _____________________________________________________________76
Historisch ___________________________________________________________________ 76
Wetgeving __________________________________________________________________ 77
Arbeidsovereenkomst __________________________________________________77
Begrip _____________________________________________________________________ 77
Bestanddelen overeenkomst ____________________________________________________ 77
1) Arbeid: _________________________________________________________________ 78
2) Loon: __________________________________________________________________ 78
3) Gezag: _________________________________________________________________ 79
Vorm/bewijs _________________________________________________________________ 83
Vorm ____________________________________________________________________ 83
Bewijs ___________________________________________________________________ 83
Soorten ____________________________________________________________________ 84
Werklieden en bedienden ____________________________________________________ 84
Handelsvertegenwoordigers __________________________________________________ 84
Dienstboden_______________________________________________________________ 85
Huisarbeiders______________________________________________________________ 85
Studenten ________________________________________________________________ 86
Soorten naar tijd ___________________________________________________________ 86
Arbeidsovereenkomst voor onbepaalde tijd ____________________________________ 86
Arbeidsovereenkomst voor bepaalde tijd ______________________________________ 87
Arbeidsovereenkomst voor welbepaald werk: ___________________________________ 87
3
, Vervangingsovereenkomst: _________________________________________________ 88
Voltijds of deeltijds ________________________________________________________ 88
Bedingen ___________________________________________________________________ 88
Geregelde bedingen: ________________________________________________________ 88
Proefbeding _____________________________________________________________ 88
Scheidsrechterlijk beding___________________________________________________ 89
Borgtocht _______________________________________________________________ 89
Delcrederebeding ________________________________________________________ 89
Concurrentiebeding _______________________________________________________ 89
Verboden bedingen: ________________________________________________________ 90
Rechten/verplichtingen _________________________________________________91
Verplichtingen werkgever en werknemer __________________________________________ 91
Algemeen_________________________________________________________________ 91
Persoonlijke levenssfeer _____________________________________________________ 91
Verplichtingen werknemer ______________________________________________________ 93
Verplichtingen werkgever ______________________________________________________ 93
Aansprakelijkheid ____________________________________________________________ 93
Aansprakelijkheid werkgever __________________________________________________ 93
Aansprakelijkheid werknemer _________________________________________________ 94
Schorsing ____________________________________________________________94
Algemeen___________________________________________________________________ 94
Arbeiders en bedienden _______________________________________________________ 94
Wettelijke schorsingsgronden _________________________________________________ 94
Overmacht ______________________________________________________________ 94
Niet tijdig aanvatten of voortzetten van het werk _________________________________ 95
Jaarlijkse vakantie ________________________________________________________ 95
Moederschapsrust ________________________________________________________ 95
Zwangerschapsonderzoeken _______________________________________________ 95
Nachtarbeid _____________________________________________________________ 95
Zetelen in arbeidsgerechten ________________________________________________ 95
Vorming ________________________________________________________________ 95
Politiek verlof ____________________________________________________________ 95
Voorlopige hechtenis ______________________________________________________ 96
Kort verzuim: persoonlijke gebeurtenissen _____________________________________ 96
Geboorteverlof ___________________________________________________________ 96
Adoptieverlof ____________________________________________________________ 96
Arbeidsongeschiktheid: ____________________________________________________ 97
Staking en lock out _______________________________________________________ 99
Verlof om dwingende redenen _______________________________________________ 99
Tijdskrediet, loopbaanvermindering en vermindering van arbeidsprestaties ___________ 99
Thematische verloven ____________________________________________________ 100
Ouderschapsverlof_______________________________________________________ 100
Conventionele schorsing __________________________________________________ 100
Schorsing als sanctie _____________________________________________________ 101
Enkel arbeiders _____________________________________________________________ 101
Economische werkloosheid ____________________________________________________ 101
Einde _______________________________________________________________ 101
Regelmatige beëindiging ______________________________________________________ 101
Regelmatige wijzen tussen partijen ____________________________________________ 101
Regelmatige wijzen door de rechter ___________________________________________ 102
Regelmatige wijzen door de wet ______________________________________________ 102
Ontslag _________________________________________________________________ 102
Wat?__________________________________________________________________ 102
Regelmatig en onregelmatig ontslag _________________________________________ 102
4
, Onrechtmatig ontslag_____________________________________________________ 103
Opzegging _____________________________________________________________ 103
__________________________________________________________________________ 105
Ontslag om dringende reden _______________________________________________ 106
Onmiddellijke regelmatige beëindiging _________________________________________ 107
Onregelmatig _______________________________________________________________ 108
Verboden __________________________________________________________________ 109
Ontslagverboden __________________________________________________________ 109
Beperkingen ontslagmogelijkheden_____________________________________________110
Misbruik ontslagrecht________________________________________________________110
Herstructurering ______________________________________________________________ 111
Algemeen_________________________________________________________________ 111
Deel V. Arbeidstijd ________________________________________________ 111
Inleiding ____________________________________________________________ 111
Arbeidsbescherming ________________________________________________________ 111
Arbeidsduur _________________________________________________________ 112
Arbeidsduur _________________________________________________________________112
Overwerk ___________________________________________________________________115
Rusttijden ___________________________________________________________________118
Nachtarbeid _________________________________________________________ 118
Zondagsrust _________________________________________________________ 118
Feestdagen__________________________________________________________ 119
Jaarlijkse vakantie ____________________________________________________ 119
Algemeen___________________________________________________________________119
Aanvullende vakantie ______________________________________________________ 120
“Senioren” vakantie ________________________________________________________ 121
Vakantiegeld _____________________________________________________________ 121
Tijdstip __________________________________________________________________ 122
Deel VI. Welzijn en gelijke behandeling _______________________________122
Welzijn _____________________________________________________________ 122
Bronnen ___________________________________________________________________ 122
Beginselen _________________________________________________________________ 123
Algemene beginselen ______________________________________________________ 123
Verplichtingen werkgever ___________________________________________________ 123
Organen ___________________________________________________________________ 125
Diensten voor preventie en bescherming op het werk _____________________________ 125
Interne preventiedienst ___________________________________________________ 125
Interne preventiedienst - preventieadviseurs __________________________________ 125
Externe preventiedienst ___________________________________________________ 126
Departement of afdeling belast met gezondheidstoezicht_________________________ 127
Departement of afdeling belast met medisch toezicht____________________________ 127
Comité voor preventie en bescherming op het werk _____________________________ 128
Andere actoren _________________________________________________________ 128
Bijzondere bepalingen ________________________________________________________ 129
Psychosociale risico’s ______________________________________________________ 129
Preventiemaatregelen ____________________________________________________ 130
procedures _____________________________________________________________ 130
Sancties ___________________________________________________________________ 132
Gelijke behandeling ___________________________________________________ 133
Algemeen__________________________________________________________________ 133
5
, Gelijkheid man-vrouw ________________________________________________________ 134
Racisme-xenofobie __________________________________________________________ 135
Mechanisme _______________________________________________________________ 135
Mechanisme in Antidiscriminatiewet, Genderwet en Wet Racisme en Xenofobie ________ 135
Mechanismen ____________________________________________________________ 136
Gelijke behandeling EU-onderdanen ____________________________________________ 137
Rechtspositie _______________________________________________________________ 138
Werknemers met een verschillende rechtspositie _________________________________ 138
Bescherming jongeren en vrouwen ______________________________________ 138
Jongeren __________________________________________________________________ 138
Vrouwen ___________________________________________________________________ 138
Deel VII. Loon ____________________________________________________139
Begrip en recht ______________________________________________________ 140
Begrip ____________________________________________________________________ 140
Recht _____________________________________________________________________ 140
Loonvorming ________________________________________________________ 141
Beginselen _________________________________________________________________ 141
Hoogte van het loon _______________________________________________________ 141
Wijze van bepaling ________________________________________________________ 141
Minimumlonen ____________________________________________________________ 142
Indexering _______________________________________________________________ 142
Algemene normen ___________________________________________________________ 143
Minimum maandinkomen ___________________________________________________ 143
Bezoldiging van gehandicapten_______________________________________________ 143
Deeltijdse werknemers _____________________________________________________ 143
Gelijk loon _______________________________________________________________ 143
Overheid __________________________________________________________________ 144
Overheidsingrijpen_________________________________________________________ 144
Werknemersparticipatie _______________________________________________________ 145
Loonbescherming ____________________________________________________ 145
Algemeen__________________________________________________________________ 145
Begrip loon_________________________________________________________________ 145
Maatregelen ter bescherming loon ______________________________________________ 146
Terugbetaling kosten _________________________________________________________ 148
Deel VIII. Opleiding ________________________________________________149
In onderneming ______________________________________________________ 149
Algemeen__________________________________________________________________ 149
Opleiding in Europa ________________________________________________________ 149
Verschillen in sectoren______________________________________________________ 150
Verschillen naargelang achtergrond (!) _________________________________________ 150
Algemeen________________________________________________________________ 150
Leren op de werkplek ________________________________________________________ 151
Scholingsbedingen __________________________________________________________ 152
Opleidingsondersteuning ______________________________________________ 153
Algemeen__________________________________________________________________ 153
Vlaams Opleidingsverlof ______________________________________________________ 153
Tegemoetkoming ____________________________________________________________ 155
Opleidingscheques ________________________________________________________ 155
Vlaams opleidingskrediet____________________________________________________ 155
Deel IX. Sociale Handhaving ________________________________________155
6
, Door partijen zelf _____________________________________________________ 156
Actiemogelijkheden __________________________________________________________ 156
Rechtsvorderingen __________________________________________________________ 156
Bevoegde rechtbank: arbeidsrechtbank ________________________________________ 156
Procedure _______________________________________________________________ 157
Verjaring___________________________________________________________________ 157
Vordering op grond van de overeenkomst ______________________________________ 157
Vordering op grond van misdrijf _______________________________________________ 158
Door overheid _______________________________________________________ 158
Toezichtsinstrumenten ________________________________________________________ 158
Sociale documenten _______________________________________________________ 158
DIMONA ________________________________________________________________ 159
DmfA ___________________________________________________________________ 159
Sociale balans ______________________________________________________________ 159
Sociaal strafrecht _____________________________________________________ 160
Preventie en toezicht _________________________________________________________ 160
Beleid ___________________________________________________________________ 160
SIOD (Sociale Inlichtingen- en Opsporingsdienst) ______________________________ 160
Arrondissementscellen ___________________________________________________ 160
College in de strijd tegen fiscale en sociale fraude ______________________________ 161
Uitoefening toezicht __________________________________________________________ 161
Sociale inspecteurs ________________________________________________________ 161
Wijze van optreden ________________________________________________________ 163
Algemene bevoegdheden ___________________________________________________ 163
Onderzoeksbevoegdheden ________________________________________________ 163
Maatregelen nemen ______________________________________________________ 164
Overlegging/mededeling __________________________________________________ 164
Bijzondere bevoegdheden ___________________________________________________ 164
Welzijn op het werk ______________________________________________________ 164
COVID-19 _____________________________________________________________ 164
Vaststelling inbreuken ______________________________________________________ 165
Vervolging _________________________________________________________________ 166
Algemeen________________________________________________________________ 166
Vervolging door AA ________________________________________________________ 167
Administratieve vervolging___________________________________________________ 168
Ratio legis _____________________________________________________________ 168
Kenmerken ____________________________________________________________ 168
Onderzoek _____________________________________________________________ 168
Procedure _____________________________________________________________ 169
Inbreuken __________________________________________________________________ 169
Soorten inbreuken _________________________________________________________ 169
Dader ___________________________________________________________________ 169
Strafrecht ______________________________________________________________ 169
Sociaal strafrecht ________________________________________________________ 170
Werkgever _____________________________________________________________ 170
Aangestelden en lasthebbers ______________________________________________ 170
Bestraffing _________________________________________________________________ 171
Sanctionering _____________________________________________________________ 171
Bijzondere strafsancties ____________________________________________________ 171
Toepasselijke regels _______________________________________________________ 171
7
Inhoud________________________________________________________________9
Deel I. Ontstaan & Bronnen _________________________________________ 10
Ontstaan en finaliteit ___________________________________________________10
Historische inleiding___________________________________________________________ 10
Structuur ____________________________________________________________12
Deelgebieden________________________________________________________________ 12
Codificatie __________________________________________________________________ 12
Bronnen _____________________________________________________________13
Bronnen van het arbeidsrecht ___________________________________________________ 13
Internationale bronnen_________________________________________________________ 13
1. Universele Verklaring Rechten van de Mens ___________________________________ 13
2. ECOSOC-verdrag ________________________________________________________ 14
3. IAO____________________________________________________________________ 14
4. OESO _________________________________________________________________ 14
5. Raad van Europa_________________________________________________________ 14
6. Europese Unie ___________________________________________________________ 15
7. Bilaterale verdragen ______________________________________________________ 17
Nationale bronnen ____________________________________________________________ 17
1. Grondwet _______________________________________________________________ 17
2. Federale regelgeving ______________________________________________________ 18
3. Substatelijke regelgeving___________________________________________________ 18
4. Collectieve Arbeidsovereenkomsten __________________________________________ 19
5. Individuele Arbeidsovereenkomsten__________________________________________ 20
6. Arbeidsreglement ________________________________________________________ 20
7. Gebruik ________________________________________________________________ 20
Hiërarchie __________________________________________________________________ 20
Aard ________________________________________________________________23
Aard _______________________________________________________________________ 23
Imperatieve,dwingende en suppletieve regels ____________________________________ 23
Gevolgen ___________________________________________________________________ 23
Imperatieve,dwingende en suppletieve regels ____________________________________ 23
Autonomie ___________________________________________________________24
Autonomie van het arbeidsrecht _______________________________________________ 24
Taalgebruik ___________________________________________________________25
Taalgebruik in het arbeidsrecht ________________________________________________ 25
Deel II. Collectief Arbeidsrecht ______________________________________ 27
Algemeen ____________________________________________________________27
Algemeen___________________________________________________________________ 27
Wat?_____________________________________________________________________ 27
Rechtsgrond ________________________________________________________________ 27
Rechtsgronden ____________________________________________________________ 27
Partijen overleg _______________________________________________________28
Algemeen___________________________________________________________________ 28
Partijen bij collectief overleg __________________________________________________ 28
Werknemersorganisaties _______________________________________________________ 28
Ontstaan werknemersorganisaties _____________________________________________ 28
Vrijheid van vereniging ______________________________________________________ 29
Grondrechten ______________________________________________________________ 30
1
, Rechtspersoonlijkheid _______________________________________________________ 30
Representativiteit ___________________________________________________________ 31
Europese en internationale vakbonden __________________________________________ 32
Werkgeversorganisaties _______________________________________________________ 33
Overheid ___________________________________________________________________ 33
Niveaus en instellingen _________________________________________________33
Overzicht ___________________________________________________________________ 33
Interprofessioneel ____________________________________________________________ 34
Formeel of informeel overleg __________________________________________________ 34
Formeel of institutioneel overleg _______________________________________________ 35
Formeel overleg op substatelijk niveau __________________________________________ 35
Sectoraal ___________________________________________________________________ 35
Federale sociale overlegorganen ______________________________________________ 35
Federale sociale overlegorganen ______________________________________________ 36
Onderneming ________________________________________________________________ 36
Ondernemingsniveau _______________________________________________________ 36
Vakbondsafvaardiging _______________________________________________________ 37
Ondernemingsraad (OR) _____________________________________________________ 37
Comité voor bescherming en preventie op het werk (CPBW)_________________________ 39
Ontslagbescherming personeelsafgevaardigden OR en CPBW_______________________ 40
PERIODE VAN ONTSLAGBESCHERMING ____________________________________ 40
CAO ________________________________________________________________43
Begrip _____________________________________________________________________ 43
CAO-Wet 5 december 1968 __________________________________________________ 43
Inhoud ___________________________________________________________________ 43
Aangaan/Beëindiging _________________________________________________________ 44
Sluiten en beëindiging cao ___________________________________________________ 44
Binding _____________________________________________________________________ 45
Voor de werknemer _________________________________________________________ 45
Voor de werkgever__________________________________________________________ 45
Primaire binding____________________________________________________________ 45
Voortgezette binding ________________________________________________________ 45
Suppletieve binding _________________________________________________________ 46
Algemeen bindend verklaard __________________________________________________ 46
Samenvatting binding cao ____________________________________________________ 46
Handhaving van de binding cao _______________________________________________ 47
Collectieve conflicten __________________________________________________48
Begrippen __________________________________________________________________ 48
Collectieve geschillen _______________________________________________________ 48
Collectieve acties ___________________________________________________________ 48
Werkstaking _________________________________________________________________ 49
Het recht om te staken ______________________________________________________ 49
Uitsluiting ___________________________________________________________________ 53
Het recht op uitsluiting _______________________________________________________ 53
Beheersen conflict ____________________________________________________________ 54
Conflictenregeling __________________________________________________________ 54
Arbeidsreglement _____________________________________________________55
Algemeen___________________________________________________________________ 55
Opstellen/wijzigen ____________________________________________________________ 56
Inhoud _____________________________________________________________________ 56
Inhoud ___________________________________________________________________ 56
Publiciteit ___________________________________________________________________ 58
Herstructurering van ondernemingen _____________________________________58
2
, Algemeen___________________________________________________________________ 58
Verplichtingen _____________________________________________________________ 58
Collectief ontslag _____________________________________________________________ 59
Begrip ___________________________________________________________________ 59
Doel regelgeving ___________________________________________________________ 59
Procedure ________________________________________________________________ 60
Vergoeding________________________________________________________________ 60
Sluiting onderneming __________________________________________________________ 61
Beginsel __________________________________________________________________ 61
Gelijkstelling door Sluitingsfonds mogelijk: _______________________________________ 61
Informatieverplichting aan ____________________________________________________ 61
Sluitingsvergoeding _________________________________________________________ 61
Waarborg van betalingen_____________________________________________________ 62
Overdracht overneming ________________________________________________________ 62
Deel III. Arbeidsmarktrecht _________________________________________ 62
Werkgelegenheid ______________________________________________________62
Beleid ______________________________________________________________________ 62
Financiële voordelen __________________________________________________________ 63
Tewerkstelling _______________________________________________________________ 64
Werving en selectie ____________________________________________________65
Arbeidsbemiddeling ___________________________________________________________ 65
Uitzendarbeid________________________________________________________________ 65
Terbeschikkingstelling _________________________________________________________ 70
Outplacement _______________________________________________________________ 70
Buitenlands _________________________________________________________________ 71
EER onderdanen ___________________________________________________________ 72
Niet-EER onderdanen _______________________________________________________ 72
___________________________________________________________________________ 73
Sollicitatie en werving _________________________________________________________ 75
Deel IV. Arbeidsovereenkomstenrecht ________________________________ 76
Inleiding _____________________________________________________________76
Historisch ___________________________________________________________________ 76
Wetgeving __________________________________________________________________ 77
Arbeidsovereenkomst __________________________________________________77
Begrip _____________________________________________________________________ 77
Bestanddelen overeenkomst ____________________________________________________ 77
1) Arbeid: _________________________________________________________________ 78
2) Loon: __________________________________________________________________ 78
3) Gezag: _________________________________________________________________ 79
Vorm/bewijs _________________________________________________________________ 83
Vorm ____________________________________________________________________ 83
Bewijs ___________________________________________________________________ 83
Soorten ____________________________________________________________________ 84
Werklieden en bedienden ____________________________________________________ 84
Handelsvertegenwoordigers __________________________________________________ 84
Dienstboden_______________________________________________________________ 85
Huisarbeiders______________________________________________________________ 85
Studenten ________________________________________________________________ 86
Soorten naar tijd ___________________________________________________________ 86
Arbeidsovereenkomst voor onbepaalde tijd ____________________________________ 86
Arbeidsovereenkomst voor bepaalde tijd ______________________________________ 87
Arbeidsovereenkomst voor welbepaald werk: ___________________________________ 87
3
, Vervangingsovereenkomst: _________________________________________________ 88
Voltijds of deeltijds ________________________________________________________ 88
Bedingen ___________________________________________________________________ 88
Geregelde bedingen: ________________________________________________________ 88
Proefbeding _____________________________________________________________ 88
Scheidsrechterlijk beding___________________________________________________ 89
Borgtocht _______________________________________________________________ 89
Delcrederebeding ________________________________________________________ 89
Concurrentiebeding _______________________________________________________ 89
Verboden bedingen: ________________________________________________________ 90
Rechten/verplichtingen _________________________________________________91
Verplichtingen werkgever en werknemer __________________________________________ 91
Algemeen_________________________________________________________________ 91
Persoonlijke levenssfeer _____________________________________________________ 91
Verplichtingen werknemer ______________________________________________________ 93
Verplichtingen werkgever ______________________________________________________ 93
Aansprakelijkheid ____________________________________________________________ 93
Aansprakelijkheid werkgever __________________________________________________ 93
Aansprakelijkheid werknemer _________________________________________________ 94
Schorsing ____________________________________________________________94
Algemeen___________________________________________________________________ 94
Arbeiders en bedienden _______________________________________________________ 94
Wettelijke schorsingsgronden _________________________________________________ 94
Overmacht ______________________________________________________________ 94
Niet tijdig aanvatten of voortzetten van het werk _________________________________ 95
Jaarlijkse vakantie ________________________________________________________ 95
Moederschapsrust ________________________________________________________ 95
Zwangerschapsonderzoeken _______________________________________________ 95
Nachtarbeid _____________________________________________________________ 95
Zetelen in arbeidsgerechten ________________________________________________ 95
Vorming ________________________________________________________________ 95
Politiek verlof ____________________________________________________________ 95
Voorlopige hechtenis ______________________________________________________ 96
Kort verzuim: persoonlijke gebeurtenissen _____________________________________ 96
Geboorteverlof ___________________________________________________________ 96
Adoptieverlof ____________________________________________________________ 96
Arbeidsongeschiktheid: ____________________________________________________ 97
Staking en lock out _______________________________________________________ 99
Verlof om dwingende redenen _______________________________________________ 99
Tijdskrediet, loopbaanvermindering en vermindering van arbeidsprestaties ___________ 99
Thematische verloven ____________________________________________________ 100
Ouderschapsverlof_______________________________________________________ 100
Conventionele schorsing __________________________________________________ 100
Schorsing als sanctie _____________________________________________________ 101
Enkel arbeiders _____________________________________________________________ 101
Economische werkloosheid ____________________________________________________ 101
Einde _______________________________________________________________ 101
Regelmatige beëindiging ______________________________________________________ 101
Regelmatige wijzen tussen partijen ____________________________________________ 101
Regelmatige wijzen door de rechter ___________________________________________ 102
Regelmatige wijzen door de wet ______________________________________________ 102
Ontslag _________________________________________________________________ 102
Wat?__________________________________________________________________ 102
Regelmatig en onregelmatig ontslag _________________________________________ 102
4
, Onrechtmatig ontslag_____________________________________________________ 103
Opzegging _____________________________________________________________ 103
__________________________________________________________________________ 105
Ontslag om dringende reden _______________________________________________ 106
Onmiddellijke regelmatige beëindiging _________________________________________ 107
Onregelmatig _______________________________________________________________ 108
Verboden __________________________________________________________________ 109
Ontslagverboden __________________________________________________________ 109
Beperkingen ontslagmogelijkheden_____________________________________________110
Misbruik ontslagrecht________________________________________________________110
Herstructurering ______________________________________________________________ 111
Algemeen_________________________________________________________________ 111
Deel V. Arbeidstijd ________________________________________________ 111
Inleiding ____________________________________________________________ 111
Arbeidsbescherming ________________________________________________________ 111
Arbeidsduur _________________________________________________________ 112
Arbeidsduur _________________________________________________________________112
Overwerk ___________________________________________________________________115
Rusttijden ___________________________________________________________________118
Nachtarbeid _________________________________________________________ 118
Zondagsrust _________________________________________________________ 118
Feestdagen__________________________________________________________ 119
Jaarlijkse vakantie ____________________________________________________ 119
Algemeen___________________________________________________________________119
Aanvullende vakantie ______________________________________________________ 120
“Senioren” vakantie ________________________________________________________ 121
Vakantiegeld _____________________________________________________________ 121
Tijdstip __________________________________________________________________ 122
Deel VI. Welzijn en gelijke behandeling _______________________________122
Welzijn _____________________________________________________________ 122
Bronnen ___________________________________________________________________ 122
Beginselen _________________________________________________________________ 123
Algemene beginselen ______________________________________________________ 123
Verplichtingen werkgever ___________________________________________________ 123
Organen ___________________________________________________________________ 125
Diensten voor preventie en bescherming op het werk _____________________________ 125
Interne preventiedienst ___________________________________________________ 125
Interne preventiedienst - preventieadviseurs __________________________________ 125
Externe preventiedienst ___________________________________________________ 126
Departement of afdeling belast met gezondheidstoezicht_________________________ 127
Departement of afdeling belast met medisch toezicht____________________________ 127
Comité voor preventie en bescherming op het werk _____________________________ 128
Andere actoren _________________________________________________________ 128
Bijzondere bepalingen ________________________________________________________ 129
Psychosociale risico’s ______________________________________________________ 129
Preventiemaatregelen ____________________________________________________ 130
procedures _____________________________________________________________ 130
Sancties ___________________________________________________________________ 132
Gelijke behandeling ___________________________________________________ 133
Algemeen__________________________________________________________________ 133
5
, Gelijkheid man-vrouw ________________________________________________________ 134
Racisme-xenofobie __________________________________________________________ 135
Mechanisme _______________________________________________________________ 135
Mechanisme in Antidiscriminatiewet, Genderwet en Wet Racisme en Xenofobie ________ 135
Mechanismen ____________________________________________________________ 136
Gelijke behandeling EU-onderdanen ____________________________________________ 137
Rechtspositie _______________________________________________________________ 138
Werknemers met een verschillende rechtspositie _________________________________ 138
Bescherming jongeren en vrouwen ______________________________________ 138
Jongeren __________________________________________________________________ 138
Vrouwen ___________________________________________________________________ 138
Deel VII. Loon ____________________________________________________139
Begrip en recht ______________________________________________________ 140
Begrip ____________________________________________________________________ 140
Recht _____________________________________________________________________ 140
Loonvorming ________________________________________________________ 141
Beginselen _________________________________________________________________ 141
Hoogte van het loon _______________________________________________________ 141
Wijze van bepaling ________________________________________________________ 141
Minimumlonen ____________________________________________________________ 142
Indexering _______________________________________________________________ 142
Algemene normen ___________________________________________________________ 143
Minimum maandinkomen ___________________________________________________ 143
Bezoldiging van gehandicapten_______________________________________________ 143
Deeltijdse werknemers _____________________________________________________ 143
Gelijk loon _______________________________________________________________ 143
Overheid __________________________________________________________________ 144
Overheidsingrijpen_________________________________________________________ 144
Werknemersparticipatie _______________________________________________________ 145
Loonbescherming ____________________________________________________ 145
Algemeen__________________________________________________________________ 145
Begrip loon_________________________________________________________________ 145
Maatregelen ter bescherming loon ______________________________________________ 146
Terugbetaling kosten _________________________________________________________ 148
Deel VIII. Opleiding ________________________________________________149
In onderneming ______________________________________________________ 149
Algemeen__________________________________________________________________ 149
Opleiding in Europa ________________________________________________________ 149
Verschillen in sectoren______________________________________________________ 150
Verschillen naargelang achtergrond (!) _________________________________________ 150
Algemeen________________________________________________________________ 150
Leren op de werkplek ________________________________________________________ 151
Scholingsbedingen __________________________________________________________ 152
Opleidingsondersteuning ______________________________________________ 153
Algemeen__________________________________________________________________ 153
Vlaams Opleidingsverlof ______________________________________________________ 153
Tegemoetkoming ____________________________________________________________ 155
Opleidingscheques ________________________________________________________ 155
Vlaams opleidingskrediet____________________________________________________ 155
Deel IX. Sociale Handhaving ________________________________________155
6
, Door partijen zelf _____________________________________________________ 156
Actiemogelijkheden __________________________________________________________ 156
Rechtsvorderingen __________________________________________________________ 156
Bevoegde rechtbank: arbeidsrechtbank ________________________________________ 156
Procedure _______________________________________________________________ 157
Verjaring___________________________________________________________________ 157
Vordering op grond van de overeenkomst ______________________________________ 157
Vordering op grond van misdrijf _______________________________________________ 158
Door overheid _______________________________________________________ 158
Toezichtsinstrumenten ________________________________________________________ 158
Sociale documenten _______________________________________________________ 158
DIMONA ________________________________________________________________ 159
DmfA ___________________________________________________________________ 159
Sociale balans ______________________________________________________________ 159
Sociaal strafrecht _____________________________________________________ 160
Preventie en toezicht _________________________________________________________ 160
Beleid ___________________________________________________________________ 160
SIOD (Sociale Inlichtingen- en Opsporingsdienst) ______________________________ 160
Arrondissementscellen ___________________________________________________ 160
College in de strijd tegen fiscale en sociale fraude ______________________________ 161
Uitoefening toezicht __________________________________________________________ 161
Sociale inspecteurs ________________________________________________________ 161
Wijze van optreden ________________________________________________________ 163
Algemene bevoegdheden ___________________________________________________ 163
Onderzoeksbevoegdheden ________________________________________________ 163
Maatregelen nemen ______________________________________________________ 164
Overlegging/mededeling __________________________________________________ 164
Bijzondere bevoegdheden ___________________________________________________ 164
Welzijn op het werk ______________________________________________________ 164
COVID-19 _____________________________________________________________ 164
Vaststelling inbreuken ______________________________________________________ 165
Vervolging _________________________________________________________________ 166
Algemeen________________________________________________________________ 166
Vervolging door AA ________________________________________________________ 167
Administratieve vervolging___________________________________________________ 168
Ratio legis _____________________________________________________________ 168
Kenmerken ____________________________________________________________ 168
Onderzoek _____________________________________________________________ 168
Procedure _____________________________________________________________ 169
Inbreuken __________________________________________________________________ 169
Soorten inbreuken _________________________________________________________ 169
Dader ___________________________________________________________________ 169
Strafrecht ______________________________________________________________ 169
Sociaal strafrecht ________________________________________________________ 170
Werkgever _____________________________________________________________ 170
Aangestelden en lasthebbers ______________________________________________ 170
Bestraffing _________________________________________________________________ 171
Sanctionering _____________________________________________________________ 171
Bijzondere strafsancties ____________________________________________________ 171
Toepasselijke regels _______________________________________________________ 171
7
