Chapter 1.Perfusion
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse is explaining to a student nurse about impaired central
perfusion. The nurse knows the student understands this problem when
the student states, Central perfusion
a. is monitored only by the physician.
b. involves the entire body.
c. is decreased with hypertension.
d. is toxic to the cardiac system.
ANS: B
Central perfusion does involve the entire body as all organs are
supplied with oxygen and vital nutrients. The physician does not control
the bodys ability for perfusion. Central perfusion is not decreased with
hypertension. Central perfusion is not toxic to the cardiac system.
2. A patient was diagnosed with hypertension. The patient asks the
nurse how this disease could have happened to them. The nurses best
response is Hypertension
a. happens to everyone sooner or later. Dont be concerned about
it.
b. can happen from eating a poor diet, so change what you are
eating.
c. can happen from arterial changes that impede the blood flow.
, d. happens when people do not exercise, so you should walk every
day.
ANS: C
Hardening of the arteries from atherosclerosis can cause hypertension
in the patient.
Hypertension does not happen to everyone. Changing the patients diet
and exercising may be a positive life change, but these answers do not
explain to the patient how the disease could have happened.
3. The patient asks the nurse to explain the sinoatrial node in the
heart. The nurses best response would be, The sinoatrial node
a. provides the heart with the stimulation to beat in a normal
rhythm.
b. protects the heart from atherosclerotic changes.
c. provides the heart with oxygenated blood.
d. protects the heart from infection.
ANS: A
The sinoatrial node is the natural pacemaker of the heart, and it
assists the heart to beat in a
normal rhythm. The sinoatrial node does not protect from
atherosclerotic changes or infection, and it does not directly provide
the heart with oxygenated blood.
4. The patient is brought to the emergency department after a motor
vehicle accident. The patient is diagnosed with internal bleeding. The
nurses primary concern is to monitor for
a. mental alertness.
b. perfusion.
, c. pain.
d. reaction to medications.
ANS: B
Perfusion is the correct answer, because with internal bleeding, the
nurse should monitor vital signs to be sure perfusion is happening.
Mental alertness, pain, and medication reactions are important but not
the primary concern.
5. A patients serum electrolytes are being monitored. The nurse
notices that the potassium level is low. The nurse knows that the
patient should be observed for
a. tissue ischemia.
b. brain malformations.
c. intestinal blockage.
d. cardiac dysthymia.
ANS: D
Cardiac dysthymia is a possibility when serum potassium is high or low.
Tissue ischemia, brain malformations, or intestinal blockage do not
have a direct correlation to potassium irregularities. 6. A nurse is
explaining to a student nurse about perfusion. The nurse knows the
student understands the concept of perfusion when the student states,
Perfusion
a. is a normal function of the body, and I dont have to be concerned
about it.
b. is monitored by the physician, and I just follow orders.
c. is monitored by vital signs and capillary refill.
, d. varies as a person ages, so I would expect changes in the body.
ANS: C
The best method to monitor perfusion is to monitor vital signs and
capillary refill. This allows the nurse to know if perfusion is adequate
to maintain vital organs. The nurse does have to be concerned about
perfusion. Perfusion is not only monitored by the physician but the nurse
too.
Perfusion does not always change as the person ages.
7. The nurse is conducting a patient assessment. The patient tells the
nurse that he has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for 27 years.
The nurse may find which data upon assessment?
a. Blood pressure above the normal range
b. Bounding pedal pulses
c. Night blindness
d. Reflux disease
ANS: A
Smokers have a constriction of the blood vessels due to the tar and
nicotine in cigarettes. This constriction may lead to hypertension.
Bounding pulses, night blindness, and reflux disease do not have a direct
link to smoking.
Chapter 2.Gas Exchange
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse is assigned a group of patients. Which patient would the
nurse identify as being at increased risk for impaired gas exchange? A
patient
a. with a blood glucose of 350 mg/dL
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse is explaining to a student nurse about impaired central
perfusion. The nurse knows the student understands this problem when
the student states, Central perfusion
a. is monitored only by the physician.
b. involves the entire body.
c. is decreased with hypertension.
d. is toxic to the cardiac system.
ANS: B
Central perfusion does involve the entire body as all organs are
supplied with oxygen and vital nutrients. The physician does not control
the bodys ability for perfusion. Central perfusion is not decreased with
hypertension. Central perfusion is not toxic to the cardiac system.
2. A patient was diagnosed with hypertension. The patient asks the
nurse how this disease could have happened to them. The nurses best
response is Hypertension
a. happens to everyone sooner or later. Dont be concerned about
it.
b. can happen from eating a poor diet, so change what you are
eating.
c. can happen from arterial changes that impede the blood flow.
, d. happens when people do not exercise, so you should walk every
day.
ANS: C
Hardening of the arteries from atherosclerosis can cause hypertension
in the patient.
Hypertension does not happen to everyone. Changing the patients diet
and exercising may be a positive life change, but these answers do not
explain to the patient how the disease could have happened.
3. The patient asks the nurse to explain the sinoatrial node in the
heart. The nurses best response would be, The sinoatrial node
a. provides the heart with the stimulation to beat in a normal
rhythm.
b. protects the heart from atherosclerotic changes.
c. provides the heart with oxygenated blood.
d. protects the heart from infection.
ANS: A
The sinoatrial node is the natural pacemaker of the heart, and it
assists the heart to beat in a
normal rhythm. The sinoatrial node does not protect from
atherosclerotic changes or infection, and it does not directly provide
the heart with oxygenated blood.
4. The patient is brought to the emergency department after a motor
vehicle accident. The patient is diagnosed with internal bleeding. The
nurses primary concern is to monitor for
a. mental alertness.
b. perfusion.
, c. pain.
d. reaction to medications.
ANS: B
Perfusion is the correct answer, because with internal bleeding, the
nurse should monitor vital signs to be sure perfusion is happening.
Mental alertness, pain, and medication reactions are important but not
the primary concern.
5. A patients serum electrolytes are being monitored. The nurse
notices that the potassium level is low. The nurse knows that the
patient should be observed for
a. tissue ischemia.
b. brain malformations.
c. intestinal blockage.
d. cardiac dysthymia.
ANS: D
Cardiac dysthymia is a possibility when serum potassium is high or low.
Tissue ischemia, brain malformations, or intestinal blockage do not
have a direct correlation to potassium irregularities. 6. A nurse is
explaining to a student nurse about perfusion. The nurse knows the
student understands the concept of perfusion when the student states,
Perfusion
a. is a normal function of the body, and I dont have to be concerned
about it.
b. is monitored by the physician, and I just follow orders.
c. is monitored by vital signs and capillary refill.
, d. varies as a person ages, so I would expect changes in the body.
ANS: C
The best method to monitor perfusion is to monitor vital signs and
capillary refill. This allows the nurse to know if perfusion is adequate
to maintain vital organs. The nurse does have to be concerned about
perfusion. Perfusion is not only monitored by the physician but the nurse
too.
Perfusion does not always change as the person ages.
7. The nurse is conducting a patient assessment. The patient tells the
nurse that he has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for 27 years.
The nurse may find which data upon assessment?
a. Blood pressure above the normal range
b. Bounding pedal pulses
c. Night blindness
d. Reflux disease
ANS: A
Smokers have a constriction of the blood vessels due to the tar and
nicotine in cigarettes. This constriction may lead to hypertension.
Bounding pulses, night blindness, and reflux disease do not have a direct
link to smoking.
Chapter 2.Gas Exchange
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse is assigned a group of patients. Which patient would the
nurse identify as being at increased risk for impaired gas exchange? A
patient
a. with a blood glucose of 350 mg/dL
