(1&2) ALL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
ALREADY GRADED A+
<RECENT UPDATE>
Cancer (malignancy) - ANSWER ✔ A type of abnormal cell growth in which
cellular regulation is lost, resulting in new tissues that serve no useful function, are
harmful to the function of normal cells and organs, and can lead to death if left
untreated.
Carcinogenesis (oncogenesis, malignant transformation) - ANSWER ✔ Cancer
development w/ changing of a normal cell into a cancer cell.
Carcinogens - ANSWER ✔ Substances that change the activity of a cell's genes so
the cell becomes a cancer cell.
Cellular Regulation - ANSWER ✔ The genetic and physiologic processes that
control cellular growth, replication, differentiation, and function to maintain
homeostasis.
Metastasis - ANSWER ✔ The ability of cancer cells to invade and spread into
other tissues and organs.
Metastatic Tumors (secondary tumors) - ANSWER ✔ Cancerous tumor cells that
move from the primary location by breaking off from the original group and
establishing remote colonies.
Mitosis - ANSWER ✔ Cell Division
,Neoplasia - ANSWER ✔ Any new or continued cell growth not needed for normal
development or replacement of dead and damaged tissues
oncogenes - ANSWER ✔ Proto-oncogenes promoting cell growth that no longer
respond to signals from suppressor genes for cellular regulation.
Oncoviruses - ANSWER ✔ viruses that are known to cause cancer
Primary Cancer Prevention - ANSWER ✔ the use of strategies to prevent the
actual occurrence of cancer
Primary Tumor - ANSWER ✔ The original cancer cells and tumor resulting from
carcinogenesis
Secondary Cancer Prevention - ANSWER ✔ use of screening strategies to detect
cancer early, at a time when cure or control is more likely
Alopecia - ANSWER ✔ loss of hair
Cachexia - ANSWER ✔ Extreme tissue and muscle wasting due to
malnourishment
Chemotherapy - ANSWER ✔ Cytotoxic drugs aimed to reduce tumor burden and
destroy cancer cells.
Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) - ANSWER ✔ the loss of
sensory or motor function of peripheral nerves associated with exposure to certain
anticancer drugs
Dose-dense chemotherapy - ANSWER ✔ A chemotherapy regimen that is more
frequently administered for aggressive cancer treatment.
Emetogenic - ANSWER ✔ A substance that can induce nausea and vomiting.
Exposure - ANSWER ✔ amount of radiation delivered to a tissue
, Extravasation - ANSWER ✔ leakage or infiltration of a vesicant into the
surrounding tissue
Gray - ANSWER ✔ Unit of measurement for an absorbed radiation dose.
Immune-related Adverse events (irAEs) - ANSWER ✔ Adverse events related to
immunotherapy.
Immunotherapy - ANSWER ✔ Drugs designed to activate the body's immune
system to attack cancer cells, causing cell death.
Neoplasia - ANSWER ✔ Any new or continued cell growth not needed for normal
development or replacement of dead and damaged tissues
Cellular Regulation - ANSWER ✔ The genetic and physiologic processes that
control cellular growth, replication, differentiation, and function to maintain
homeostasis.
True - ANSWER ✔ True or False: All steps in the processes of cellular regulation
are the result of gene interactions.
Specific morphology - ANSWER ✔ feature in which each normal cell type has a
distinct and recognizable appearance, size, and shape
Differentiated function - ANSWER ✔ every normal cell has at least one special
function to contribute to whole-body function.
Benign Tumor Cells - ANSWER ✔ Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at
the wrong time
-Ex, Moles, uterine fibroid tumors, skin tags, endometriosis, nasal polyps
True - ANSWER ✔ True or False: The benign tumor grow by expansion (does not
invade).
Cancer Cells (Malignant) - ANSWER ✔ -Abnormal
-Serve no useful function
-Harmful to normal body tissues