NUR 242 MED SURG EXAM 3 EXAM AND PRACTICE
EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 500+
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
What is ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER the movement of air into
and out of the lungs
What is perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER the circulation of blood
through the lungs
What are central chemoreceptors responsive to? - CORRECT ANSWER
increased H+ in the brain ECF;
increased PaCO2;
"hypercarbic drive"
What are peripheral chemoreceptors responsive to? - CORRECT
ANSWER decreased pH;
increased PaCO2;
decreased PaO2;
"hypoxic drive"
What are elastic forces? - CORRECT ANSWER lungs recoil due to
elastin, collagen, fibrin
What are surface forces? - CORRECT ANSWER surface tension due to
water-air interface
What is airway resistance? - CORRECT ANSWER opposition to flow
caused by the forces of friction; primarily determined by airway radius
What is the distensibility of the lungs? - CORRECT ANSWER ease
with which the lungs can be inflated
,What is lung distensibility increased in? - CORRECT ANSWER
neonates and children;
emphysema
What is lung distensibility decreased in? - CORRECT ANSWER
elderly;
pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS, atelectasis, fibrosis
What is surfactant? - CORRECT ANSWER complex substance lining
the alveoli and smallest bronchioles containing phospholipids and a
number of apoproteins which reduces surface tension throughout the
lungs, thereby contributing to its general compliance;
stabilizes the alveoli and keeps them dry
What produces surfactant? - CORRECT ANSWER produced by the
Type II alveolar cells
What is Ohm's law? - CORRECT ANSWER velocity = driving
force/resistance
What is Poiseuille law? - CORRECT ANSWER resistance = (8 x
viscosity x length) / (pi x radius^4)
What happens if the radius in the lungs goes down? - CORRECT
ANSWER the resistance goes up
How is the ventilation distributed in the lungs? - CORRECT ANSWER
the top of the lungs are more distended and less compliant whereas
the lower lung is small and highly compliant
What factors affect lung perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER lung
capacitance;
low resistance system;
flow influenced by gravity;
resistance primarily determined by vessel radius
,What does hypoxia lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER vasoconstriction of
pulmonary vessels
What does prolonged hypoxia lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER
pulmonary hypertension
What factors affect alveolar-capillary diffusion? - CORRECT ANSWER
capillary permeability;
surface area available for diffusion;
concentration gradient for the gas;
distance for diffusion
What causes right shifts (decreased affinity) in Hemoglobin-O2
affinity? - CORRECT ANSWER acidemia;
hyperthermia;
hypercarbia
What causes left shifts (increased affinity) in Hemoglobin-O2 affinity? -
CORRECT ANSWER alkalemia;
hypothermia;
hypocarbia
What is hypoxemia? - CORRECT ANSWER deficient blood oxygen;
low PaO2;
low O2 saturation
What is hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased tissue oxygen
What is hypoxic hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased tissue
oxygen caused by decreased respirations
What is anemic hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased tissue
oxygen caused by decreased hemoglobin
What is circulatory hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased tissue
oxygen caused by decreased blood flow
, What is histotoxic hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased tissue
oxygen caused by increased toxic substance
What is ischemia? - CORRECT ANSWER greatly reduced or
interrupted flow through the arterial system, producing significant
tissue hypoxia
What is hypercapnia? - CORRECT ANSWER increased level of CO2 in
the blood
What are S&S of acute hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER dyspnea;
restlessness; palpitations; agitation; headache; tremors; diaphoresis;
respiratory distress; cyanosis; tachypnea; tachycardia; dysrhythmias;
hypertension; lethargy; confusion to coma
What are some effects of hypercapnia? - CORRECT ANSWER
respiratory acidosis (decreased pH from increase in CO2); lethargy and
confusion; increased HR and BP; flushed skin; arrhythmias; seizures;
coma; death
What is dyspnea? - CORRECT ANSWER subjective feeling of being
SOB
What does dyspnea lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased sense of
wellness which may cause psychological and social consequences
What is the leading cause of cancer death? - CORRECT ANSWER lung
cancer
What is lung cancer most likely caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER
cigarette smoking;
asbestos;
familial predisposition
What are the manifestations of lung cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER
cough, hemoptysis (blood in cough sputum);
hoarseness;
chest pain;
EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 500+
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
What is ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER the movement of air into
and out of the lungs
What is perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER the circulation of blood
through the lungs
What are central chemoreceptors responsive to? - CORRECT ANSWER
increased H+ in the brain ECF;
increased PaCO2;
"hypercarbic drive"
What are peripheral chemoreceptors responsive to? - CORRECT
ANSWER decreased pH;
increased PaCO2;
decreased PaO2;
"hypoxic drive"
What are elastic forces? - CORRECT ANSWER lungs recoil due to
elastin, collagen, fibrin
What are surface forces? - CORRECT ANSWER surface tension due to
water-air interface
What is airway resistance? - CORRECT ANSWER opposition to flow
caused by the forces of friction; primarily determined by airway radius
What is the distensibility of the lungs? - CORRECT ANSWER ease
with which the lungs can be inflated
,What is lung distensibility increased in? - CORRECT ANSWER
neonates and children;
emphysema
What is lung distensibility decreased in? - CORRECT ANSWER
elderly;
pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS, atelectasis, fibrosis
What is surfactant? - CORRECT ANSWER complex substance lining
the alveoli and smallest bronchioles containing phospholipids and a
number of apoproteins which reduces surface tension throughout the
lungs, thereby contributing to its general compliance;
stabilizes the alveoli and keeps them dry
What produces surfactant? - CORRECT ANSWER produced by the
Type II alveolar cells
What is Ohm's law? - CORRECT ANSWER velocity = driving
force/resistance
What is Poiseuille law? - CORRECT ANSWER resistance = (8 x
viscosity x length) / (pi x radius^4)
What happens if the radius in the lungs goes down? - CORRECT
ANSWER the resistance goes up
How is the ventilation distributed in the lungs? - CORRECT ANSWER
the top of the lungs are more distended and less compliant whereas
the lower lung is small and highly compliant
What factors affect lung perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER lung
capacitance;
low resistance system;
flow influenced by gravity;
resistance primarily determined by vessel radius
,What does hypoxia lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER vasoconstriction of
pulmonary vessels
What does prolonged hypoxia lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER
pulmonary hypertension
What factors affect alveolar-capillary diffusion? - CORRECT ANSWER
capillary permeability;
surface area available for diffusion;
concentration gradient for the gas;
distance for diffusion
What causes right shifts (decreased affinity) in Hemoglobin-O2
affinity? - CORRECT ANSWER acidemia;
hyperthermia;
hypercarbia
What causes left shifts (increased affinity) in Hemoglobin-O2 affinity? -
CORRECT ANSWER alkalemia;
hypothermia;
hypocarbia
What is hypoxemia? - CORRECT ANSWER deficient blood oxygen;
low PaO2;
low O2 saturation
What is hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased tissue oxygen
What is hypoxic hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased tissue
oxygen caused by decreased respirations
What is anemic hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased tissue
oxygen caused by decreased hemoglobin
What is circulatory hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased tissue
oxygen caused by decreased blood flow
, What is histotoxic hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased tissue
oxygen caused by increased toxic substance
What is ischemia? - CORRECT ANSWER greatly reduced or
interrupted flow through the arterial system, producing significant
tissue hypoxia
What is hypercapnia? - CORRECT ANSWER increased level of CO2 in
the blood
What are S&S of acute hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER dyspnea;
restlessness; palpitations; agitation; headache; tremors; diaphoresis;
respiratory distress; cyanosis; tachypnea; tachycardia; dysrhythmias;
hypertension; lethargy; confusion to coma
What are some effects of hypercapnia? - CORRECT ANSWER
respiratory acidosis (decreased pH from increase in CO2); lethargy and
confusion; increased HR and BP; flushed skin; arrhythmias; seizures;
coma; death
What is dyspnea? - CORRECT ANSWER subjective feeling of being
SOB
What does dyspnea lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased sense of
wellness which may cause psychological and social consequences
What is the leading cause of cancer death? - CORRECT ANSWER lung
cancer
What is lung cancer most likely caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER
cigarette smoking;
asbestos;
familial predisposition
What are the manifestations of lung cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER
cough, hemoptysis (blood in cough sputum);
hoarseness;
chest pain;
