Test Bank For: Pilbeam's Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological and Clinical Applications 8th Edition, James M. Cairo (Chapter 1-23)

,Chapteri1;iBasiciTermsiandiConceptsiofiMechanicaliVentilationiT
estiBank

MULTIPLEiCHOICE

1. Thei body’si mechanismi fori conductingi airi ini andi outi ofi thei lungsiisik
nowniasiwhichiofitheifollowing?
a. Externalirespiration
b. Internalirespiration
c. Spontaneousi ventilation
d. Mechanicali ventilation


ANS:i C
Theiconductioniofiairiiniandioutiofitheibodyiisiknowniasiventilation.i S
inceithei questioni asksi forithei body’simechanism,ithisiwouldibeispon
taneousiventilation.iExternalirespirationiinvolvesi thei exchangei ofi o
xygeni (O2)i andi carboni dioxidei (CO2)ibetweenitheialveoliianditheipul
monaryicapillaries.iInternalirespirationioccursi atithei cellularilevelia
ndiinvolvesi movementi ofioxygenifromitheisystemicibloodiintoitheicel
ls.

DIF: 1 REF:i pg.i3

2. Whichiofitheifollowingiareiinvolvediiniexternalirespiration?
a. Redibloodicellsiandibodyicells
b. Scalenesianditrapezius
muscles
c. Alveolii andi pulmonary
capillaries
d. Externaliobliqueiand
transverseiabdominalimuscles


ANS:i C
Externali respirationi involvesi thei exchangei ofi oxygeni andi carbonidio
xidei(CO2)ibetweenitheialveoliianditheipulmonaryicapillaries.iIntern
alirespirationioccursiatitheicellularileveliandiinvolvesimovementiofio
xygenifromitheisystemicibloodiintoitheicells.
Scalenei andi trapeziusi musclesi arei accessoryi musclesi ofiinspiration
.i Externali obliquei andi transversei abdominali musclesiareiaccessoryi
musclesiofiexpiration.

, DIF: 1 REF:i pg.i3

3. Theigraphithatishowsiintrapleuralipressureichangesiduringin
ormalispontaneousibreathingiisidepictedibyiwhichiofitheifoll
owing?
a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS:iB
Duringi spontaneousi breathingi thei intrapleurali pressurei dropsifro
miabouti-5icmi H2Oiatiend-expirationitoiabouti-10icmiH2Oi atiend-
inspiration.iThei graphidepictediforiansweriBishowsithatichangeifr
omi-5icmiH2Oitoi-10icmiH2O.

DIF: 1 REF:i pg.i4

4. Duringi spontaneousi inspirationi alveolari pressurei (PA)i isi about:
i .
a. -i1icmiH2O
b. +i1icmiH2O
c. 0icmiH2O
d. 5icmiH2O


ANS:i A
-
1icmiH2Oiisitheilowestialveolaripressureiwillibecomeiduringinorm
alispontaneousiventilation.iDuringitheiexhalationiofiainormalispo
ntaneousibreathitheialveolaripressureiwillibecomei+1icmiH2O.

DIF: 1 REF:i pg.i3

5. Theipressurei requireditoi maintainialveolariinflationiisiknowniasiw
hichiofitheifollowing?
a. Transairwayipressurei(PTAi)
b. Transthoracicipressurei(PTT)
c. Transrespiratoryipressurei(PTR)

, d. Transpulmonaryi pressurei (PL)


ANS:iD
Theidefinitioniofitranspulmonaryipressurei(PL)iisitheipressureirequir
editoimaintainialveolariinflation.iTransairwayipressurei(PTAi)iisitheipr
essureigradientirequireditoiproduceiairflowiinitheiconductingi tubes.i
Transrespiratoryi pressurei (PTR)iisithei pressureitoiinflateitheilungsian
diairwaysiduringipositiveipressureiventilation.iTransthoracicipressur
ei(PTT)irepresentsitheipressureirequireditoiexpandioricontractitheilu
ngsianditheichestiwalliatitheisameitime.

DIF: 1 REF:i pg.i3

6. Calculateitheipressureineededitoiovercomeiairwayiresistanceidur
ingipositiveipressureiventilationiwhenitheiproximaliairwayipressu
rei(PAw)iisi35icmiH2Oianditheialveolaripressurei(PA)iisi5icmiH2O.
a. 7icmiH2O
b. 30icmiH2O
c. 40icmiH2O
d. 175icmiH2O


ANS:iB
Theitransairwayipressurei (PTAi)iisi usedi toicalculateitheipressureireq
uireditoiovercomeiairwayiresistancei duringimechanicaliventilation.i
Thisiformulaiisi PTAi =iPawi-iPA.

DIF: 2 REF:i pg.i3

7. Theitermiuseditoidescribeitheitendencyiofiaistructureitoireturnitoiitsi
originaliformiafteribeingistretchedioriactedionibyianioutsideiforceiisi
whichiofitheifollowing?
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscousiresistance
d. Distendingipressure