Cardiovascular Disorders: Causes,
Symptoms, and Management
Raynaud's Phenomenon - ANS Intermittent arterial vaso-occlusion primarily affecting fingers or
toes, leading to coldness, pain, and pallor.
Acrocyanosis - ANS Persistent blue discoloration and hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating).
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) - ANS Localized enlargement or dilation of the abdominal
aorta, potentially leading to serious complications if ruptured.
Atherosclerosis - ANS Most common cause of AAA, characterized by the buildup of plaque in
arterial walls.
Retroperitoneal Rupture - ANS Fatal hemorrhage caused by untreated AAA rupture into the
retroperitoneal space.
Endovascular Grafting - ANS Minimally invasive procedure for repairing aneurysms by placing
grafts percutaneously.
Aortic Dissection - ANS Tear in the intimal layer of the aorta leading to dissection between the
intima and media layers.
Spinal Cord Ischemia - ANS Condition managed post-thoracic aortic aneurysm repair using
lumbar spinal drains to control intracranial pressure.
Transluminal Placement - ANS Method for placing a sutureless aortic graft in the infrarenal
AAA, typically performed under local or regional anesthesia.
Post-Implantation Syndrome - ANS Symptoms following endovascular treatment, including
fever, leukocytosis, and transient thrombocytopenia.
Cardiac Ischemia - ANS Condition assessed post-bypass graft for AAA repair, involving
monitoring for signs of inadequate blood supply to the heart.
Dysphagia - ANS Difficulty swallowing, a potential symptom of thoracic aortic aneurysm
depending on the impact on surrounding structures.
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) - ANS Maintained above 90 mmHg in the first 36-48 hours
post-op to prevent spinal cord ischemia after thoracic aortic aneurysm repair.
, Intimal Rupture - ANS Aortic wall tear leading to dissection between layers, often mistaken for a
heart attack.
Infrarenal - ANS Location below the renal arteries, where the majority of abdominal aortic
aneurysms occur.
Aphonia - ANS Vocal weakness or loss of voice, a potential symptom of thoracic aortic
aneurysm affecting surrounding structures.
MAP - ANS Maintained between 65-75 mmHg preoperatively to manage blood pressure in
patients with dissecting aneurysms.
Proximal Graft Leaks - ANS Potential complication post-AAA repair involving leaks at the
attachment site of the vascular graft.
Post-Endovascular Treatment - ANS Management following endovascular grafting, including
specific patient positioning, monitoring, and symptom assessment.
Duplex Ultrasonography - ANS Imaging technique used to measure the size, length, and
location of an aneurysm, typically employed for monitoring small aneurysms.
Bowel Ischemia - ANS Complication post-AAA repair involving inadequate blood supply to the
intestines.
Symptomatic Aneurysm - ANS Aneurysm causing symptoms, requiring medical or surgical
management based on expansion rate and patient condition.
Subclavian Artery Aneurysm - ANS Aneurysm occurring in the artery supplying blood to the
arms, potentially leading to complications.
Acute Aortic Dissection - ANS Emergency condition requiring prompt treatment to prevent
complications such as rupture.
Arteriosclerosis - ANS Hardening and narrowing of the arteries, contributing to aortic dissection
along with other factors.
Peripheral Arterial Disease - ANS A circulatory condition where arteries narrow or become
blocked, reducing blood flow to the limbs.
Intermittent Claudication - ANS Aching, cramping, fatigue, or weakness in the affected limb that
occurs with exercise and is relieved by rest.
Symptoms, and Management
Raynaud's Phenomenon - ANS Intermittent arterial vaso-occlusion primarily affecting fingers or
toes, leading to coldness, pain, and pallor.
Acrocyanosis - ANS Persistent blue discoloration and hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating).
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) - ANS Localized enlargement or dilation of the abdominal
aorta, potentially leading to serious complications if ruptured.
Atherosclerosis - ANS Most common cause of AAA, characterized by the buildup of plaque in
arterial walls.
Retroperitoneal Rupture - ANS Fatal hemorrhage caused by untreated AAA rupture into the
retroperitoneal space.
Endovascular Grafting - ANS Minimally invasive procedure for repairing aneurysms by placing
grafts percutaneously.
Aortic Dissection - ANS Tear in the intimal layer of the aorta leading to dissection between the
intima and media layers.
Spinal Cord Ischemia - ANS Condition managed post-thoracic aortic aneurysm repair using
lumbar spinal drains to control intracranial pressure.
Transluminal Placement - ANS Method for placing a sutureless aortic graft in the infrarenal
AAA, typically performed under local or regional anesthesia.
Post-Implantation Syndrome - ANS Symptoms following endovascular treatment, including
fever, leukocytosis, and transient thrombocytopenia.
Cardiac Ischemia - ANS Condition assessed post-bypass graft for AAA repair, involving
monitoring for signs of inadequate blood supply to the heart.
Dysphagia - ANS Difficulty swallowing, a potential symptom of thoracic aortic aneurysm
depending on the impact on surrounding structures.
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) - ANS Maintained above 90 mmHg in the first 36-48 hours
post-op to prevent spinal cord ischemia after thoracic aortic aneurysm repair.
, Intimal Rupture - ANS Aortic wall tear leading to dissection between layers, often mistaken for a
heart attack.
Infrarenal - ANS Location below the renal arteries, where the majority of abdominal aortic
aneurysms occur.
Aphonia - ANS Vocal weakness or loss of voice, a potential symptom of thoracic aortic
aneurysm affecting surrounding structures.
MAP - ANS Maintained between 65-75 mmHg preoperatively to manage blood pressure in
patients with dissecting aneurysms.
Proximal Graft Leaks - ANS Potential complication post-AAA repair involving leaks at the
attachment site of the vascular graft.
Post-Endovascular Treatment - ANS Management following endovascular grafting, including
specific patient positioning, monitoring, and symptom assessment.
Duplex Ultrasonography - ANS Imaging technique used to measure the size, length, and
location of an aneurysm, typically employed for monitoring small aneurysms.
Bowel Ischemia - ANS Complication post-AAA repair involving inadequate blood supply to the
intestines.
Symptomatic Aneurysm - ANS Aneurysm causing symptoms, requiring medical or surgical
management based on expansion rate and patient condition.
Subclavian Artery Aneurysm - ANS Aneurysm occurring in the artery supplying blood to the
arms, potentially leading to complications.
Acute Aortic Dissection - ANS Emergency condition requiring prompt treatment to prevent
complications such as rupture.
Arteriosclerosis - ANS Hardening and narrowing of the arteries, contributing to aortic dissection
along with other factors.
Peripheral Arterial Disease - ANS A circulatory condition where arteries narrow or become
blocked, reducing blood flow to the limbs.
Intermittent Claudication - ANS Aching, cramping, fatigue, or weakness in the affected limb that
occurs with exercise and is relieved by rest.
