RISK BEHAVIOR STUDY MATERIAL
Inhoudsopgave
Glossary........................................................................................................ 1
Lecture 1: Introduction to Risk Behavior and Addiction in Adolescence..........................2
Lecture 2: Peer Influence and Risk Behavior in Adolescence...........................................3
Lecture 3: International Teen Trends in Substance Use...................................................5
Lecture 4: The Role of Parents in Preventing Risk Behavior and Addiction......................6
Lecture 5: Substance Use Prevention..............................................................................8
Lecture 6: Individual Vulnerability for Risk Behavior and Addiction.................................9
Lecture 7: Neurobiological Processes and Behavioral Mechanisms of Addiction............11
Lecture 8: Changing Risk Behavior and Addiction.........................................................12
Practise questions from each lecture.............................................................14
Lecture 1....................................................................................................................... 15
Lecture 2....................................................................................................................... 15
Lecture 3....................................................................................................................... 15
Lecture 4....................................................................................................................... 15
Lecture 5....................................................................................................................... 16
Lecture 6....................................................................................................................... 16
Lecture 7....................................................................................................................... 17
Lecture 8....................................................................................................................... 17
Practise exam.............................................................................................. 18
Answers......................................................................................................................... 20
GLOSSARY
, LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION TO RISK BEHAVIOR AND ADDICTION IN
ADOLESCENCE
1. Risk Behavior = Behaviors that pose a threat to healthy
development (e.g., substance use, gambling, gaming, social media
use).
2. Addiction = A process that starts with experimenting with a
substance and can lead to compulsive use.
3. Affective-Motivational System (Emotional Brain) = Becomes
highly active during adolescence, leading to a heightened response
to rewards.
4. Control System (Rational Brain) = Develops slowly and is
responsible for decision-making, risk evaluation, and impulse
control.
5. Maturational Imbalance Model = Suggests risk-taking in
adolescence is due to an imbalance between the fast-developing
emotional brain and the slower-developing rational brain.
6. Psychoactive Substances = Chemical substances that cross the
blood-brain barrier and affect perception, mood, or consciousness.
7. Positive Reinforcement = The increase of behavior due to
rewarding experiences.
8. Negative Reinforcement = The increase of behavior to avoid
negative experiences (e.g., withdrawal).
9. Tolerance = The need for larger amounts of a substance to achieve
the same effect.
10. Withdrawal Symptoms = Physical or psychological
symptoms experienced when substance use is stopped.
11. Associative Learning = The process by which stimuli related
to substance use become associated with its rewarding outcomes,
leading to attentional and approach biases.
12. Early Adolescents = Youth aged 10–14, experiencing
physical growth, sexual maturation, psychosocial development and
social identity
Inhoudsopgave
Glossary........................................................................................................ 1
Lecture 1: Introduction to Risk Behavior and Addiction in Adolescence..........................2
Lecture 2: Peer Influence and Risk Behavior in Adolescence...........................................3
Lecture 3: International Teen Trends in Substance Use...................................................5
Lecture 4: The Role of Parents in Preventing Risk Behavior and Addiction......................6
Lecture 5: Substance Use Prevention..............................................................................8
Lecture 6: Individual Vulnerability for Risk Behavior and Addiction.................................9
Lecture 7: Neurobiological Processes and Behavioral Mechanisms of Addiction............11
Lecture 8: Changing Risk Behavior and Addiction.........................................................12
Practise questions from each lecture.............................................................14
Lecture 1....................................................................................................................... 15
Lecture 2....................................................................................................................... 15
Lecture 3....................................................................................................................... 15
Lecture 4....................................................................................................................... 15
Lecture 5....................................................................................................................... 16
Lecture 6....................................................................................................................... 16
Lecture 7....................................................................................................................... 17
Lecture 8....................................................................................................................... 17
Practise exam.............................................................................................. 18
Answers......................................................................................................................... 20
GLOSSARY
, LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION TO RISK BEHAVIOR AND ADDICTION IN
ADOLESCENCE
1. Risk Behavior = Behaviors that pose a threat to healthy
development (e.g., substance use, gambling, gaming, social media
use).
2. Addiction = A process that starts with experimenting with a
substance and can lead to compulsive use.
3. Affective-Motivational System (Emotional Brain) = Becomes
highly active during adolescence, leading to a heightened response
to rewards.
4. Control System (Rational Brain) = Develops slowly and is
responsible for decision-making, risk evaluation, and impulse
control.
5. Maturational Imbalance Model = Suggests risk-taking in
adolescence is due to an imbalance between the fast-developing
emotional brain and the slower-developing rational brain.
6. Psychoactive Substances = Chemical substances that cross the
blood-brain barrier and affect perception, mood, or consciousness.
7. Positive Reinforcement = The increase of behavior due to
rewarding experiences.
8. Negative Reinforcement = The increase of behavior to avoid
negative experiences (e.g., withdrawal).
9. Tolerance = The need for larger amounts of a substance to achieve
the same effect.
10. Withdrawal Symptoms = Physical or psychological
symptoms experienced when substance use is stopped.
11. Associative Learning = The process by which stimuli related
to substance use become associated with its rewarding outcomes,
leading to attentional and approach biases.
12. Early Adolescents = Youth aged 10–14, experiencing
physical growth, sexual maturation, psychosocial development and
social identity
