Chapter601:6Cellular6Biology ........................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter602:6Altered6Cellular6and6Tissue6Biology:6Environmental6Agents....................................................18
Chapter603:6The6Cellular6Environment:6Fluids6and6Electrolytes,6Acids6and6Bases ...................................... 31
Chapter604:6Genes6and6Genetic6Diseases ................................................................................................... 44
Chapter605:6Genes,6Environment-Lifestyle,6and6Common6Diseases............................................................ 55
Chapter606:6Epigenetics6and6Disease .......................................................................................................... 63
Chapter607:6Innate6Immunity:6Inflammation6and6Wound6Healing ............................................................. 68
Chapter608:6Adaptive6Immunity ...................................................................................................................83
Chapter609:6Alterations6in6Immunity6and6Inflammation .............................................................................95
Chapter610:6Infection ................................................................................................................................. 108
,Chapter611:6Stress6and6Disease ..................................................................................................................117
Chapter612:6Cancer6Biology ........................................................................................................................ 124
Chapter613:6Cancer6Epidemiology .............................................................................................................. 137
Chapter614:6Cancer6in6Children ................................................................................................................. 143
Chapter615:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Neurologic6System ................................................................ 148
Chapter616:6Pain,6Temperature6Regulation,6Sleep,6and6Sensory6Function ............................................... 159
Chapter617:6Alterations6in6Cognitive6Systems,6Cerebral6Hemodynamics,6and6Motor6Function ............... 174
Chapter618:6Disorders6of6the6Central6and6Peripheral6Nervous6Systems6and6the6Neuromuscular6Junction
..................................................................................................................................................................6 6 188
Chapter619:6Neurobiology6of6Schizophrenia,6Mood6Disorders,6and6Anxiety6Disorders ............................ 199
Chapter620:6Alterations6of6Neurologic6Function6in6Children ..................................................................... 206
Chapter621:6Mechanisms6of6Hormonal6Regulation .................................................................................... 213
Chapter622:6Alterations6of6Hormonal6Regulation ..................................................................................... 222
Chapter623:6Obesity6and6Disorders6of6Nutrition ....................................................................................... 234
Chapter624:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Reproductive6Systems .......................................................... 239
Chapter625:6Alterations6of6the6Female6Reproductive6System .................................................................. 249
Chapter626:6Alterations6of6the6Male6Reproductive6System .......................................................................259
Chapter627:6Sexually6Transmitted6Infections ............................................................................................ 265
Chapter628:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Hematologic6System..............................................................273
Chapter629:6Alterations6of6Erythrocytes,6Platelets,6and6Hemostatic6Function.......................................... 283
Chapter630:6Alterations6of6Leukocyte6and6Lymphoid6Function ................................................................ 293
Chapter631:6Alterations6of6Hematologic6Function6in6Children .................................................................. 300
Chapter632:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Cardiovascular6and6Lymphatic6Systems ................................ 311
Chapter633:6Alterations6of6Cardiovascular6Function ..................................................................................324
Chapter634:6Alterations6of6Cardiovascular6Function6in6Children ............................................................... 338
Chapter635:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Pulmonary6System ................................................................346
Chapter636:6Alterations6of6Pulmonary6Function ....................................................................................... 356
Chapter637:6Alterations6of6Pulmonary6Function6in6Children ..................................................................... 373
Chapter638:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Renal6and6Urologic6Systems.................................................. 381
Chapter639:6Alterations6of6Renal6and6Urinary6Tract6Function ................................................................... 391
Chapter640:6Alterations6of6Renal6and6Urinary6Tract6Function6in6Children ............................................... 401
Chapter641:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Digestive6System ................................................................... 409
Chapter642:6Alterations6of6Digestive6Function ...........................................................................................421
Chapter643:6Alterations6of6Digestive6Function6in6Children ....................................................................... 432
,Chapter644:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Musculoskeletal6System ....................................................... 441
Chapter645:6Alterations6of6Musculoskeletal6Function .............................................................................. 453
Chapter646:6Alterations6of6Musculoskeletal6Function6in6Children.............................................................466
Chapter647:6Structure,6Function,6and6Disorders6of6the6Integument ......................................................... 475
Chapter648:6Alterations6of6the6Integument6in6Children............................................................................ 486
Chapter649:6Shock,6Multiple6Organ6Dysfunction6Syndrome,6and6Burns6in6Adults .................................... 494
Chapter650:6Shock,6Multiple6Organ6Dysfunction6Syndrome,6and6Burns6in6Children ................................. 502
, Chapter601:6Cellular6Biology
MULTIPLE6CHOICE
1. Which6statement6best6describes6the6cellular6function6of6metabolic6absorption?
a. Cells6can6produce6proteins.
b. Cells6can6secrete6digestive6enzymes.
c. Cells6can6take6in6and6use6nutrients.
d. Cells6can6synthesize6fats.
ANS:6C
In6metabolic6absorption,6all6cells6take6in6and6use6nutrients6and6other6substances6from6their6surro
undings.6The6remaining6options6are6not6inclusive6in6their6descriptions6of6cellular6metabolic6abso
rption.
PTS:6661 DIF: Cognitive6Level:6Remembering
2. Where6is6most6of6a6cell’s6genetic6information,6including6RNA6and6DNA,6contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:6C
The6nucleus6contains6the6nucleolus,6a6small6dense6structure6composed6largely6of6RNA,6most6of6
the6cellular6DNA,6and6the6DNA-
binding6proteins,6such6as6the6histones,6which6regulate6its6activity.6The6mitochondria6are6respon
sible6for6cellular6respiration6and6energy6production.
Ribosomes’6chief6function6is6to6provide6sites6for6cellular6protein6synthesis.6Lysosomes6function6
as6the6intracellular6digestive6system.
PTS:6661 DIF: Cognitive6Level:6Remembering
3. Which6component6of6the6cell6produces6hydrogen6peroxide6(H2O2)6by6using6oxygen6to6remove6
hydrogen6atoms6from6specific6substrates6in6an6oxidative6reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:6B
Chapter602:6Altered6Cellular6and6Tissue6Biology:6Environmental6Agents....................................................18
Chapter603:6The6Cellular6Environment:6Fluids6and6Electrolytes,6Acids6and6Bases ...................................... 31
Chapter604:6Genes6and6Genetic6Diseases ................................................................................................... 44
Chapter605:6Genes,6Environment-Lifestyle,6and6Common6Diseases............................................................ 55
Chapter606:6Epigenetics6and6Disease .......................................................................................................... 63
Chapter607:6Innate6Immunity:6Inflammation6and6Wound6Healing ............................................................. 68
Chapter608:6Adaptive6Immunity ...................................................................................................................83
Chapter609:6Alterations6in6Immunity6and6Inflammation .............................................................................95
Chapter610:6Infection ................................................................................................................................. 108
,Chapter611:6Stress6and6Disease ..................................................................................................................117
Chapter612:6Cancer6Biology ........................................................................................................................ 124
Chapter613:6Cancer6Epidemiology .............................................................................................................. 137
Chapter614:6Cancer6in6Children ................................................................................................................. 143
Chapter615:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Neurologic6System ................................................................ 148
Chapter616:6Pain,6Temperature6Regulation,6Sleep,6and6Sensory6Function ............................................... 159
Chapter617:6Alterations6in6Cognitive6Systems,6Cerebral6Hemodynamics,6and6Motor6Function ............... 174
Chapter618:6Disorders6of6the6Central6and6Peripheral6Nervous6Systems6and6the6Neuromuscular6Junction
..................................................................................................................................................................6 6 188
Chapter619:6Neurobiology6of6Schizophrenia,6Mood6Disorders,6and6Anxiety6Disorders ............................ 199
Chapter620:6Alterations6of6Neurologic6Function6in6Children ..................................................................... 206
Chapter621:6Mechanisms6of6Hormonal6Regulation .................................................................................... 213
Chapter622:6Alterations6of6Hormonal6Regulation ..................................................................................... 222
Chapter623:6Obesity6and6Disorders6of6Nutrition ....................................................................................... 234
Chapter624:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Reproductive6Systems .......................................................... 239
Chapter625:6Alterations6of6the6Female6Reproductive6System .................................................................. 249
Chapter626:6Alterations6of6the6Male6Reproductive6System .......................................................................259
Chapter627:6Sexually6Transmitted6Infections ............................................................................................ 265
Chapter628:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Hematologic6System..............................................................273
Chapter629:6Alterations6of6Erythrocytes,6Platelets,6and6Hemostatic6Function.......................................... 283
Chapter630:6Alterations6of6Leukocyte6and6Lymphoid6Function ................................................................ 293
Chapter631:6Alterations6of6Hematologic6Function6in6Children .................................................................. 300
Chapter632:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Cardiovascular6and6Lymphatic6Systems ................................ 311
Chapter633:6Alterations6of6Cardiovascular6Function ..................................................................................324
Chapter634:6Alterations6of6Cardiovascular6Function6in6Children ............................................................... 338
Chapter635:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Pulmonary6System ................................................................346
Chapter636:6Alterations6of6Pulmonary6Function ....................................................................................... 356
Chapter637:6Alterations6of6Pulmonary6Function6in6Children ..................................................................... 373
Chapter638:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Renal6and6Urologic6Systems.................................................. 381
Chapter639:6Alterations6of6Renal6and6Urinary6Tract6Function ................................................................... 391
Chapter640:6Alterations6of6Renal6and6Urinary6Tract6Function6in6Children ............................................... 401
Chapter641:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Digestive6System ................................................................... 409
Chapter642:6Alterations6of6Digestive6Function ...........................................................................................421
Chapter643:6Alterations6of6Digestive6Function6in6Children ....................................................................... 432
,Chapter644:6Structure6and6Function6of6the6Musculoskeletal6System ....................................................... 441
Chapter645:6Alterations6of6Musculoskeletal6Function .............................................................................. 453
Chapter646:6Alterations6of6Musculoskeletal6Function6in6Children.............................................................466
Chapter647:6Structure,6Function,6and6Disorders6of6the6Integument ......................................................... 475
Chapter648:6Alterations6of6the6Integument6in6Children............................................................................ 486
Chapter649:6Shock,6Multiple6Organ6Dysfunction6Syndrome,6and6Burns6in6Adults .................................... 494
Chapter650:6Shock,6Multiple6Organ6Dysfunction6Syndrome,6and6Burns6in6Children ................................. 502
, Chapter601:6Cellular6Biology
MULTIPLE6CHOICE
1. Which6statement6best6describes6the6cellular6function6of6metabolic6absorption?
a. Cells6can6produce6proteins.
b. Cells6can6secrete6digestive6enzymes.
c. Cells6can6take6in6and6use6nutrients.
d. Cells6can6synthesize6fats.
ANS:6C
In6metabolic6absorption,6all6cells6take6in6and6use6nutrients6and6other6substances6from6their6surro
undings.6The6remaining6options6are6not6inclusive6in6their6descriptions6of6cellular6metabolic6abso
rption.
PTS:6661 DIF: Cognitive6Level:6Remembering
2. Where6is6most6of6a6cell’s6genetic6information,6including6RNA6and6DNA,6contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:6C
The6nucleus6contains6the6nucleolus,6a6small6dense6structure6composed6largely6of6RNA,6most6of6
the6cellular6DNA,6and6the6DNA-
binding6proteins,6such6as6the6histones,6which6regulate6its6activity.6The6mitochondria6are6respon
sible6for6cellular6respiration6and6energy6production.
Ribosomes’6chief6function6is6to6provide6sites6for6cellular6protein6synthesis.6Lysosomes6function6
as6the6intracellular6digestive6system.
PTS:6661 DIF: Cognitive6Level:6Remembering
3. Which6component6of6the6cell6produces6hydrogen6peroxide6(H2O2)6by6using6oxygen6to6remove6
hydrogen6atoms6from6specific6substrates6in6an6oxidative6reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:6B
