ACAAI Review For the Allergy & Immunology Boards Chapter 1 Questions and Answers 100% Verified

ACAAI Review For the Allergy & Immunology ll ll ll ll ll ll




ll Boards Chapter 1 Questions and Answers 100% ll ll ll ll ll ll




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What is the hapten-carrier effect? – ANS: Small-molecule antigen requires covalent
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linkage to a larger carrier to stimulate adaptive immune response. The process is
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achieved in collaboration between hapten-specific B cells and carrier-specific T cells.
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This is the basis of developing conjugated vaccines.
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What are the common superantigens and related diseases? - ANS: SEB and SEC from
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Staphylococcus aureus cause food poisoning. TSST from Staphylococcus aureus and
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SPE-C from Streptococus pyogenes cause toxic shock syndrome.
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Which type of T cell recognizes lipid antigens and what molecule is involved? - ANS:
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Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize lipid antigens, and the CD1 molecule is
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involved.
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Which antigens are T-cell dependent and which are T-cell independent? - ANS:
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Protein antigens are T-cell dependent. Polysaccharide, nucleic acid, and lipids are T-
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cell independent.
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What is the binding site for CD4 on the MHC class I molecule? What is the binding site
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for CD8 on the MHC class II molecule? - ANS: On the MHC class I molecule, α3 is the
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binding site for CD4. On the MHC class II molecule, β2 is the binding site for CD8
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Which chain makes up the peptide binding cleft in MHC class I molecules? Which
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chain makes up the peptide binding cleft in MHC class II molecules? - ANS: On the
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MHC Class I molecule, α1 and α2 make up the peptide binding cleft. On the MHC class
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II molecule, α1 and β1 make up the peptide binding cleft.
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MHC class I molecule presents which type of antigens and where does the antigen-
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MHC class I loading happen? - ANS: An MHC class I molecule presents both
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intracellular antigens (e.g., viral antigen in cytoplasm) and extracellular antigens
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(via cross-presentation). The loading site is endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
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In which chromosomal region are the TAP proteins located? - ANS: The MHC class II
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locus. They are involved in peptide processing for MHC class I however.
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MHC class II molecule presents which type of antigen? Where does the antigen-MHC
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class II loading happen? - ANS: The MHC class II molecule presents extracellular
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antigens (e.g., antigens from phagocytosed bacteria). The loading site is
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phagolysosome.
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