Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank -Questions
with Answer Key At the end of Every Chapter, All Updated
Chapter i 1. i THE i FOUNDATIONAL i CONCEPTS i OF
i CLINICALiPRACTICE
1. The i characteristic, i localized i cardinal i signs i of i acute i inflammation i include:
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The i vascular, i hemodynamic i stage iof iacute i inflammation iis iinitiated i by
imomentary i vasoconstriction i followed i by i vasodilation i that i causes
i localized:
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale i skin.
D) coolness.
3. The icellular i stage i of iacute i inflammation i is imarked iby ithe i movement iof
ileukocytes i into i the i area. i Which i of i the i following i cells i arrives i early i in
i greatinumbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
,4. The i phagocytosis i process i involves i three i distinct i steps. i What i is i the
i initialistep iin ithe iprocess?
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular i killing
C) Antigen i margination
D) Recognition i and i adherence
5. Which i of i the i following i mediators i of i inflammation i causes i increased
i capillaryipermeability iand ipain?
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric i oxide
6. Inflammatory i exudates i are i a i combination i of i several i types. i Which i of
i theifollowing iexudates iis i composed i of ienmeshed inecrotic i cells?
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The i acute-phase i systemic i response i usually i begins i within i hours i of i the
i onsetiof iinflammation iand iincludes:
A) fever i and i lethargy.
B) decreased i C-reactive i protein.
C) positive i nitrogen i balance.
D) low i erythrocyte i sedimentation i rate.
8. In i contrast i to i acute i inflammation, i chronic i inflammation i is icharacterized
i byiwhich iof ithe i following iphenomena?
,A) Profuse i fibrinous iexudation
B) A ishift i to i the ileft i of igranulocytes
C) Metabolic i and i respiratory i alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis i and i activated i macrophages
9. Exogenous i pyrogens i (interleukin-1) i and i the i presence i of i bacteria i in i the
i bloodilead ito ithe irelease iof iendogenous ipyrogens ithat:
A) stabilize i thermal i control i in ithe i brain.
B) produce i leukocytosis i and i anorexia.
C) block i viral i replication i in i cells.
D) inhibit i prostaglandin i release.
10 An i older i adult i patient i has ijust i sheared i the i skin i on i her i elbow i while
i attempted
. to iboost i herself i up iin i bed, ian ievent i that i has i precipitated i acute
i inflammationiin i the i region i surrounding i the i wound. i Which i of ithe
i following ievents i will ioccur iduring ithe i vascular istage i of ithe i patients
iinflammation?
A) Outpouring i of i exudate i into i interstitial i spaces
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation i of i leukocytes i along i the i epithelium
D) Phagocytosis i of i cellular i debris
11 Which i of i the i following i individuals imost i likely i has i the i highest i risk i of
. experiencing i chronic i inflammation?
A) A i patient i who i has i recently i been i diagnosed i with itype i 2 i diabetes
B) A i patient i who i is ia i carrier i of i an i antibiotic-resistant i organism
C) A i patient i who i is itaking i oral i antibiotics i for i an i upper i respiratory i infection
D) A i patient i who iis imorbidly i obese i and i who i has i a i sedentary ilifestyle
12 Which i of i the i following i core i body i temperatures i is i within i normal i range?
.
A) 35.9C i (96.6F)
, B) 38.0C i (100.4F)
C) 35.5C i (95.9F)
D) 37.3C i (99.1F)
13 A i postsurgical i patient i who i is i recovering i in i the i postanesthetic i recovery i unit
. states ithat i she i is i freezing i cold. i Which i of ithe i following i measures i is
i likely i toibe i initiated i in i the i patients i hypothalamus i in i an i effort i to i reduce
i heat i loss?
A) Opening i of i arteriovenous i (AV) i shunts
B) Reduced i exhalation i of i warmed i air
C) Contraction i of i pilomotor i muscles
D) Decreased i urine i production
14 An i elderly ipatient i is idressed i only iin i a i hospital i gown i and i complains i of i a
. draft i in i her i room. i Consequently, i she i has i requested i a i warm i blanket
i while i sheisits i in i her i wheelchair. i Which i of ithe i following i mechanisms i of
iheat i loss i is imost ilikely ithe i primary icause i of iher irequest?
A) Evaporation i and i conduction
B) Radiation i and i convection
C) Conduction i and i convection
D) Convection i and i evaporation
15 Which i of i the i following i pathophysiologic i processes i are i capable i of i inducing
. the i production iof i pyrogens? i Select i all i that i apply.
A) Acute iinflammation
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial i infarction
D) Malignancy
E) Renal i failure
16 Which i of i the i following ipatients i is i most i likely ito i be i susceptible ito
. developing i a i neurogenic i fever?
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank -Questions
with Answer Key At the end of Every Chapter, All Updated
Chapter i 1. i THE i FOUNDATIONAL i CONCEPTS i OF
i CLINICALiPRACTICE
1. The i characteristic, i localized i cardinal i signs i of i acute i inflammation i include:
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The i vascular, i hemodynamic i stage iof iacute i inflammation iis iinitiated i by
imomentary i vasoconstriction i followed i by i vasodilation i that i causes
i localized:
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale i skin.
D) coolness.
3. The icellular i stage i of iacute i inflammation i is imarked iby ithe i movement iof
ileukocytes i into i the i area. i Which i of i the i following i cells i arrives i early i in
i greatinumbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
,4. The i phagocytosis i process i involves i three i distinct i steps. i What i is i the
i initialistep iin ithe iprocess?
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular i killing
C) Antigen i margination
D) Recognition i and i adherence
5. Which i of i the i following i mediators i of i inflammation i causes i increased
i capillaryipermeability iand ipain?
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric i oxide
6. Inflammatory i exudates i are i a i combination i of i several i types. i Which i of
i theifollowing iexudates iis i composed i of ienmeshed inecrotic i cells?
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The i acute-phase i systemic i response i usually i begins i within i hours i of i the
i onsetiof iinflammation iand iincludes:
A) fever i and i lethargy.
B) decreased i C-reactive i protein.
C) positive i nitrogen i balance.
D) low i erythrocyte i sedimentation i rate.
8. In i contrast i to i acute i inflammation, i chronic i inflammation i is icharacterized
i byiwhich iof ithe i following iphenomena?
,A) Profuse i fibrinous iexudation
B) A ishift i to i the ileft i of igranulocytes
C) Metabolic i and i respiratory i alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis i and i activated i macrophages
9. Exogenous i pyrogens i (interleukin-1) i and i the i presence i of i bacteria i in i the
i bloodilead ito ithe irelease iof iendogenous ipyrogens ithat:
A) stabilize i thermal i control i in ithe i brain.
B) produce i leukocytosis i and i anorexia.
C) block i viral i replication i in i cells.
D) inhibit i prostaglandin i release.
10 An i older i adult i patient i has ijust i sheared i the i skin i on i her i elbow i while
i attempted
. to iboost i herself i up iin i bed, ian ievent i that i has i precipitated i acute
i inflammationiin i the i region i surrounding i the i wound. i Which i of ithe
i following ievents i will ioccur iduring ithe i vascular istage i of ithe i patients
iinflammation?
A) Outpouring i of i exudate i into i interstitial i spaces
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation i of i leukocytes i along i the i epithelium
D) Phagocytosis i of i cellular i debris
11 Which i of i the i following i individuals imost i likely i has i the i highest i risk i of
. experiencing i chronic i inflammation?
A) A i patient i who i has i recently i been i diagnosed i with itype i 2 i diabetes
B) A i patient i who i is ia i carrier i of i an i antibiotic-resistant i organism
C) A i patient i who i is itaking i oral i antibiotics i for i an i upper i respiratory i infection
D) A i patient i who iis imorbidly i obese i and i who i has i a i sedentary ilifestyle
12 Which i of i the i following i core i body i temperatures i is i within i normal i range?
.
A) 35.9C i (96.6F)
, B) 38.0C i (100.4F)
C) 35.5C i (95.9F)
D) 37.3C i (99.1F)
13 A i postsurgical i patient i who i is i recovering i in i the i postanesthetic i recovery i unit
. states ithat i she i is i freezing i cold. i Which i of ithe i following i measures i is
i likely i toibe i initiated i in i the i patients i hypothalamus i in i an i effort i to i reduce
i heat i loss?
A) Opening i of i arteriovenous i (AV) i shunts
B) Reduced i exhalation i of i warmed i air
C) Contraction i of i pilomotor i muscles
D) Decreased i urine i production
14 An i elderly ipatient i is idressed i only iin i a i hospital i gown i and i complains i of i a
. draft i in i her i room. i Consequently, i she i has i requested i a i warm i blanket
i while i sheisits i in i her i wheelchair. i Which i of ithe i following i mechanisms i of
iheat i loss i is imost ilikely ithe i primary icause i of iher irequest?
A) Evaporation i and i conduction
B) Radiation i and i convection
C) Conduction i and i convection
D) Convection i and i evaporation
15 Which i of i the i following i pathophysiologic i processes i are i capable i of i inducing
. the i production iof i pyrogens? i Select i all i that i apply.
A) Acute iinflammation
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial i infarction
D) Malignancy
E) Renal i failure
16 Which i of i the i following ipatients i is i most i likely ito i be i susceptible ito
. developing i a i neurogenic i fever?
