Preparation for Detailed ATI Medical Surgical Nursing Exams Test Questions and Answers

Medical Surgical Nursing Immunology Exam Question and Answers
antigen
Answer: substance that induces the production of antibodies

B-cells
Answer: Humoral immunity or anti-mediated responses, result is production of antibody

t-cells
Answer: Are produced in the thymus; AKA Killer Cells; are responsible for non specific immunities; will
destroy but not create antibodies.

neutrophils
Answer: A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific
defenses of the body against disease.

they are the first to go to an area of inflammation

response to invasion
Answer: Involves 3 means of defense: phagocytic immune response, humoral or antibody responce, and
cellular response

first line of defense: phagocytic immune response
-involves the WBC which have the ability to ingest foreign particle, and destroy the invading agent

second protective response defense: the humeral immune response (antibody response)

Third mechanism of defense: cellular immune response
involves T lymphocytes which can turn into special cytotoxic (killer) T cells that attack the pathogens.

Spleen
Answer: is a large, highly vascular lymphoid organ, lying in the human body to the left of the stomach
below the diaphragm, serving to store blood, disintegrate old blood cells, filter foreign substances from
the blood, and produce lymphocytes.

*RBC, WBC, and platelets are recycled here.
Splenectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the spleen. A Person Can Live Without a Spleen, but it
comes with varying side effects.

Natural Immunity
Answer: -present at birth
-nonspecific
-first line of host defense
- An individual's own genetic ability to fight off disease

, Acquired Immunity
Answer: -Immunity obtained either from the development of antibodies in response to exposure to an
antigen(ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY)
-as from vaccination or an attack of an infectious disease, (PASSIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY)
-or from the transmission of antibodies, as from mother to fetus through the placenta (PASSIVE
ACQUIRED)

the four stages of immune response
Answer: recognition
proliferation
response
effector

complement
Answer: A group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form and are activated by
contact with nonspecific antigens such as foreign blood cells or bacteria

Recognition Stage
Answer: *recognition of antigens as foreign, or nonself by the immune system.
-this is the initiating event of the immune response
-involves the use of lymph nodes and lymphocytes
-recognition depends on specific receptor sites on the surface of lymphocytes

*they coat microorganisms wth antibodies, complement or both, which enhances phagocytosis

-they recognize the antigens on the microbe as different(non-self) or foreign

Proliferation stage
Answer: 1.circulating lymphocytes containing antigens return to nearest lymph node
2. once in the node, t and b cells inside node begin to enlarge, divide, and proliferate

3. cells then diffentiate into cytotoxic t cells or b lymphocytes

Response stage
Answer: In this stage the differentiated lymphocytes function in either a humoral or cellular capacity

*begins with the production of antibodies by Bcells
*T cells then attack microbes

-viral antigens cause a cellular response
T cells perform cellular function, B cells performed humoral function

Effector Stage
Answer: either the antibody of the humoral response or the cytotoxic (killer) T cell of the cellular
response reaches and connects with the antigen on the surface of the foreign invader.


Humoral Immune Response