NREMT-AEMT Drugs Practice Questions and Answers (100% Pass)

NREMT-AEMT Drugs Practice Questions and Answers (100% Pass) Oxygen - ️️ Class: Gas Mechanisms of Action: Oxygen is necessary for cellular energy production. When inhaled, oxygen molecules cross the respiratory membrane to attach to hemoglobin in red blood cells for transport to the tissues. Indications: Dyspnea, hypoxia; SpO2 < 95% Contraindications: There are no absolute contraindications to the use of oxygen. However, there are complications associated with hyperoxemia, particularly in neonates and patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Precautions: COPD, not recommended in routine use in uncomplicated acute coronary syndrome, do not use near open flame or sources of combustion, always leave bottle on its side, use a proactive guard over the flow meter to prevent damage. ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Tuesday, July 30, 2024 12:01 AM 2 Side Effects: Drying of the mucous membrane which can lead to a nosebleed. Dosage: Maintain an SpO2 of 95% or higher, ventilator patients are often kept below 50% O2 when possible. Route: Inhalation via nasal cannula, face mask, nonrebreather mask, or bag-valve-mask device. Normal Saline (0.9 Percent Sodium Chloride Solution) - ️️ Class: Isotonic crystalloid Mechanism of Action: Used to expand the vascular volume temporarily by replacing water and electrolytes. Indications: Hypovolemia, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and DKA Contraindications: Should not be given to patients with heart failure because fluid overload may occur. Precautions: ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Tuesday, July 30, 2024 12:01 AM 3 Fluid overload may occur, monitor carefully. May be more effective to use Lactated in patients who have lost significant amounts of electrolytes. Side Effects: Hemodilution and electrolyte imbalance in large amounts of NS administration. Dosage: Keep-open rate is 30 mL/hour. Follow protocols, dosage may vary depending on patient condition. Route: Intravenous infusion Albuterol Sulfate (Proventil, Ventolin) - ️️ Class: Beta-2 selective sympathomimetic bronchodilator Mechanism of Action: Acts on beta-2 sympathetic receptors in bronchiolar smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation. Indications: Wheezing caused by asthma, COPD, and some other conditions. Contraindications: ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Tuesday, July 30, 2024 12:01 AM 4 Hypersensitivity and symptomatic tachycardia Precautions: Albuterol has minimal beta-1 adrenergic effects, but it may increase HR and myocardial oxygen demand. Use with caution in patients with heart disease. Side Effects: Anxiety, palpitations, chest discomfort, headache, and perspiration. Dosage: Metered-Dose Inhaler: One or two 90 mcg sprays. The use of a spacer device is preferred when administering albuterol by metered-dose inhaler, especially in pediatric patients. Small Volume Nebulizer: 2.5 mg diluted in 2.5 mL over five to 15 minutes; pediatric dosage is 0.15 mg/kg diluted in 2.5 mL NS Route: Inhalation Aspirin - ️️ Class: Platelet aggregation inhibitor; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory; analgesic Mechanism of Action: Blocks part of the chemical reaction responsible for activation platelets. ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Tuesday, July 30, 2024 12:01 AM 5 Indications: Acute coronary syndrome and stroke Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; not given to children or adolescents with suspected viral illnesses because it is associated with an increased risk of Reye's syndrome