ASCORERSSTUVIA
THEMOSTRECENTUPDATETOTHEEIGHTH
EDITIONOFTESTBANKFORPATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
THEBIOLOGICBASISFORDISEASEINADULTSAND
CHILDRENBYKATHYL.MCCANCEANDSUEE.
HUETHERCONTAINSQUESTIONSANDANSWERS
THATAREGRADEDA+. SAMPLEQUESTIONS:
A17-year-oldcollege-boundstudentreceivesavaccineagainstan
organismthatcausesmeningitis.thisisanexampleof
A.primaryprevention
B.secondaryprevention
C.tertiaryprevention
D.diseasetreatmentANS:A.primaryprevention
A2daypost-ophearttransplantpatientbeginstohaveafeverands/sof
heartfailure.Thepatientismorelikelyexperiencingwhichofthe
following?
A.TypeI,IGEmediatedhypersensitivity
B.TypeIII,immunecomplex-mediatedhypersensitivity
C.Graftvshostdisease
D.HostvsgraftdiseaseANS:D.Hostvsgraftdisease
A2y/ochildhasbeensickw/acoldandhasdevelopedahoney-colored
lesionsonherchinw/inthepast3days.Thenursedeterminesthatthis
clinicalpictureisconsistentwithwhichofthefollowing?
A.scabies
B.impetigo
C.herpessimplex
D.contactdermatitisANS:B.impetigo A40y/owomenpresentstothecliniccomplainingofmorningstiffness,
fatigue,andlossofenergy.Physicalexamrevealshard,swollenjoints,
limitedrangeofmotion,deformityoftheinterphalangealjoints,fever,and
systemicinflammatoryresponses.Laboratoryresultsindicateanelevated
sedimentationrate.Thehealthcareprovidershouldsuspectwhichofthe
followingdiseases?
A.Gout
B.Osteoarthritis
C.RheumatoidArthritis
D.SystemiclupuserythematosusANS:C.RheumatoidArthritis
A58y/oobesemanpresentstotheclinicw/jointpainthatworsensw/
activityandrelievedbyrest.Physicalexamrevealsjointstiffnessand
crepitis.Thesefindingsareconsistentw/whichofthefollowingdiseases.
A.osteoarthritis
B.goutyarthritis
C.reactivearthritis
D.rheumatoidarthritisANS:A.osteoarthritis
Achronicinflammatorydisorderofmiddle-agedandolderadultsthatis
characterizedbyblushingdarkrederythemaonthenoseandcheek,and
telangiectasiaw/orw/oacneiformcomponentsis:
A.acne
B.tinea C.psoriasis
D.rosaceaANS:D.rosacea
Acommonabnormalityinfemales,_____syndromeresultsfromanabsence
ofoneXchromosome.
A.TripleX
B.Turner's
C.Klinefelter's
D.DownANS:B.Turner's
Adepositofuricacidinthesofttissuesofgoutysubjectiscalled:
A.calculus
B.synovium
C.tophus
D.arthritisANS:C.tophus
Adiseaseinwhichtheprincipalmanifestationsisanabnormalgrowthof
cellsleadingtoformationoftumorsiscalleda_______Disease
A.Congenital
B.Degenerative
C.Metabolic
D.NeoplasticANS:D.Neoplastic Afactorassociatedwithriskofdownsyndrome:
A.MaternalAge
B.maternalalcoholintake
C.familyhistoryofheritablediseases
D.ExposuretoTORCHsyndromeorganismsANS:A.MaternalAge
Alife-threateningcomplicationofafractureis:
A.compartmentsyndrome
B.fatembolism
C.nonunion
D.infectionANS:B.fatembolism
Ametastatictumorisonethat:
A.hasspreadtoalocationfromitsiteoforigin
B.showsslowexpansionandwell-differentiatedcells
C.cannotbeclassifiedeasily
D.invadedeeplyintothetissuewhereitaroseANS:A.hasspreadtoa
locationfromitsiteoforigin
ApatienthasseverechroniclungdiseaseandisunabletoexcreteCO2
efficientlyoroxygenatehisbloodadequately.Whatacid-basedisturbance
islikelytoresultfromthiscondition?
A.respiratoryacidosis B.respiratoryalkalosis
C.metabolicacidosis
D.metabolicalkalosisANS:A.respiratoryacidosis
ApatientpresentstotheemergencyroomwithaKlevelof6.5.What
potentiallylifethreateningcomplicationwouldyouassessfor?
A.Cardiacdysrhythmias
B.Decreasedurineoutput
C.Nauseaandvomiting
D.AtaxiaANS:A.Cardiacdysrhythmias
Apatientpresentstotheemergencyroomwithnausea,vomiting,and
diarrheaforthreedays.Thepatient'slabvalueisasfollow:K3.8,Na149,
pH7.32,HCO3-20,andPaCO240.Whichofthefollowingintravenous
fluidswouldyouanticipatethedoctorwouldorder?
A.0.45%normalsalinew/100mEq/literofsodiumbicarbonate
B.0.95normalsalinewith40mEq/literofpotassium
C.0.95%normalsaline
D.2.5%DextroseANS:A.0.45%normalsalinew/100mEq/literof
sodiumbicarbonate
Aptpresentstotheclinicw/painandburningsensationoftheskinthat
beginsontherightlowerbackandendsontherightlowerabdomen.
Physicalexamrevealsasilveryrashinthatarea.Thenurseshouldsuspect:
A.herpessimplex B.herpeszoster
C.psoriasis
D.uticariaANS:B.herpeszoster
Aptpresentstotheemergencyroomafteramotorvehicleaccidentw/
obviousdeformityandlackoffunctiontotherightlowerleg.Ax-rayofthe
extremityrevealsthatthetibiaisbrokenintotwopiecesandfibiais
brokenintothreepieces.Thepatienthasmorethanlikelysuffereda:
A.comminutedfracture
B.greenstickfractureure
C.impactedfracture
D.spiralfractureANS:A.comminutedfracture
Aspraininvolves:
A.Stretchinginjurytoamuscleormusculotendinoutunit
B.injurytoaligamentousstructuresthatsupportajoint
C.displacementandlossofarticulationofboneendswithinthejoint
capsule
D.partialdislocationinwhichboneendswithajointarestillinpartial
contactw/eachotherANS:B.injurytoaligamentousstructuresthat
supportajoint
Afteraperiodofprolongedbedrest,thehealthcareprovidertellsthept
thatshehasdevelopedbrittlebones.Thenurseshouldexplaintothept thattheprolongbedresthasresultedin:
A.atrophy
B.fractures
C.contractures
D.OsteoporosisANS:D.Osteoporosis
Contents
Chapter01:CellularBiology.........................................................................................................4
Chapter02:AlteredCellularandTissueBiology:EnvironmentalAgents..............................18
Chapter03:TheCellularEnvironment:FluidsandElectrolytes,AcidsandBases................31
Chapter04:GenesandGeneticDiseases...................................................................................44
Chapter05:Genes,Environment-Lifestyle,andCommonDiseases........................................55
Chapter06:EpigeneticsandDisease.........................................................................................63
Chapter07:InnateImmunity:InflammationandWoundHealing..........................................68
Chapter08:AdaptiveImmunity.................................................................................................83
Chapter09:AlterationsinImmunityandInflammation..........................................................95
Chapter10:Infection.................................................................................................................108
Chapter11:StressandDisease................................................................................................117
Chapter12:CancerBiology......................................................................................................124
Chapter13:CancerEpidemiology............................................................................................137
Chapter14:CancerinChildren................................................................................................143
Chapter15:StructureandFunctionoftheNeurologicSystem.............................................148
Chapter16:Pain,TemperatureRegulation,Sleep,andSensoryFunction...........................159
Chapter17:AlterationsinCognitiveSystems,CerebralHemodynamics,andMotorFunction
.....................................................................................................................................................174 Chapter18:DisordersoftheCentralandPeripheralNervousSystemsandthe
NeuromuscularJunction
..................................................................................................................................................................188
Chapter19:NeurobiologyofSchizophrenia,MoodDisorders,andAnxietyDisorders.......199
Chapter20:AlterationsofNeurologicFunctioninChildren.................................................206
Chapter21:MechanismsofHormonalRegulation.................................................................213
Chapter22:AlterationsofHormonalRegulation...................................................................222
Chapter23:ObesityandDisordersofNutrition.....................................................................234
Chapter24:StructureandFunctionoftheReproductiveSystems.......................................239
Chapter25:AlterationsoftheFemaleReproductiveSystem................................................249
Chapter26:AlterationsoftheMaleReproductiveSystem....................................................259
Chapter27:SexuallyTransmittedInfections..........................................................................265
Chapter28:StructureandFunctionoftheHematologicSystem..........................................273
Chapter29:AlterationsofErythrocytes,Platelets,andHemostaticFunction.....................283
Chapter30:AlterationsofLeukocyteandLymphoidFunction.............................................293
Chapter31:AlterationsofHematologicFunctioninChildren...............................................300
Chapter32:StructureandFunctionoftheCardiovascularandLymphaticSystems..........311
Chapter33:AlterationsofCardiovascularFunction..............................................................324
Chapter34:AlterationsofCardiovascularFunctioninChildren...........................................338
Chapter35:StructureandFunctionofthePulmonarySystem.............................................346
Chapter36:AlterationsofPulmonaryFunction.....................................................................356
Chapter37:AlterationsofPulmonaryFunctioninChildren.................................................373
Chapter38:StructureandFunctionoftheRenalandUrologicSystems..............................381
Chapter39:AlterationsofRenalandUrinaryTractFunction...............................................391
Chapter40:AlterationsofRenalandUrinaryTractFunctioninChildren...........................401
Chapter41:StructureandFunctionoftheDigestiveSystem................................................409
Chapter42:AlterationsofDigestiveFunction........................................................................421
Chapter43:AlterationsofDigestiveFunctioninChildren....................................................432
Chapter44:StructureandFunctionoftheMusculoskeletalSystem....................................441
Chapter45:AlterationsofMusculoskeletalFunction............................................................453
Chapter46:AlterationsofMusculoskeletalFunctioninChildren.........................................466 Chapter47:Structure,Function,andDisordersoftheIntegument......................................475
Chapter48:AlterationsoftheIntegumentinChildren..........................................................486
Chapter49:Shock,MultipleOrganDysfunctionSyndrome,andBurnsinAdults...............494
Chapter50:Shock,MultipleOrganDysfunctionSyndrome,andBurnsinChildren............502
THEMOSTRECENTUPDATETOTHEEIGHTH
EDITIONOFTESTBANKFORPATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
THEBIOLOGICBASISFORDISEASEINADULTSAND
CHILDRENBYKATHYL.MCCANCEANDSUEE.
HUETHERCONTAINSQUESTIONSANDANSWERS
THATAREGRADEDA+. SAMPLEQUESTIONS:
A17-year-oldcollege-boundstudentreceivesavaccineagainstan
organismthatcausesmeningitis.thisisanexampleof
A.primaryprevention
B.secondaryprevention
C.tertiaryprevention
D.diseasetreatmentANS:A.primaryprevention
A2daypost-ophearttransplantpatientbeginstohaveafeverands/sof
heartfailure.Thepatientismorelikelyexperiencingwhichofthe
following?
A.TypeI,IGEmediatedhypersensitivity
B.TypeIII,immunecomplex-mediatedhypersensitivity
C.Graftvshostdisease
D.HostvsgraftdiseaseANS:D.Hostvsgraftdisease
A2y/ochildhasbeensickw/acoldandhasdevelopedahoney-colored
lesionsonherchinw/inthepast3days.Thenursedeterminesthatthis
clinicalpictureisconsistentwithwhichofthefollowing?
A.scabies
B.impetigo
C.herpessimplex
D.contactdermatitisANS:B.impetigo A40y/owomenpresentstothecliniccomplainingofmorningstiffness,
fatigue,andlossofenergy.Physicalexamrevealshard,swollenjoints,
limitedrangeofmotion,deformityoftheinterphalangealjoints,fever,and
systemicinflammatoryresponses.Laboratoryresultsindicateanelevated
sedimentationrate.Thehealthcareprovidershouldsuspectwhichofthe
followingdiseases?
A.Gout
B.Osteoarthritis
C.RheumatoidArthritis
D.SystemiclupuserythematosusANS:C.RheumatoidArthritis
A58y/oobesemanpresentstotheclinicw/jointpainthatworsensw/
activityandrelievedbyrest.Physicalexamrevealsjointstiffnessand
crepitis.Thesefindingsareconsistentw/whichofthefollowingdiseases.
A.osteoarthritis
B.goutyarthritis
C.reactivearthritis
D.rheumatoidarthritisANS:A.osteoarthritis
Achronicinflammatorydisorderofmiddle-agedandolderadultsthatis
characterizedbyblushingdarkrederythemaonthenoseandcheek,and
telangiectasiaw/orw/oacneiformcomponentsis:
A.acne
B.tinea C.psoriasis
D.rosaceaANS:D.rosacea
Acommonabnormalityinfemales,_____syndromeresultsfromanabsence
ofoneXchromosome.
A.TripleX
B.Turner's
C.Klinefelter's
D.DownANS:B.Turner's
Adepositofuricacidinthesofttissuesofgoutysubjectiscalled:
A.calculus
B.synovium
C.tophus
D.arthritisANS:C.tophus
Adiseaseinwhichtheprincipalmanifestationsisanabnormalgrowthof
cellsleadingtoformationoftumorsiscalleda_______Disease
A.Congenital
B.Degenerative
C.Metabolic
D.NeoplasticANS:D.Neoplastic Afactorassociatedwithriskofdownsyndrome:
A.MaternalAge
B.maternalalcoholintake
C.familyhistoryofheritablediseases
D.ExposuretoTORCHsyndromeorganismsANS:A.MaternalAge
Alife-threateningcomplicationofafractureis:
A.compartmentsyndrome
B.fatembolism
C.nonunion
D.infectionANS:B.fatembolism
Ametastatictumorisonethat:
A.hasspreadtoalocationfromitsiteoforigin
B.showsslowexpansionandwell-differentiatedcells
C.cannotbeclassifiedeasily
D.invadedeeplyintothetissuewhereitaroseANS:A.hasspreadtoa
locationfromitsiteoforigin
ApatienthasseverechroniclungdiseaseandisunabletoexcreteCO2
efficientlyoroxygenatehisbloodadequately.Whatacid-basedisturbance
islikelytoresultfromthiscondition?
A.respiratoryacidosis B.respiratoryalkalosis
C.metabolicacidosis
D.metabolicalkalosisANS:A.respiratoryacidosis
ApatientpresentstotheemergencyroomwithaKlevelof6.5.What
potentiallylifethreateningcomplicationwouldyouassessfor?
A.Cardiacdysrhythmias
B.Decreasedurineoutput
C.Nauseaandvomiting
D.AtaxiaANS:A.Cardiacdysrhythmias
Apatientpresentstotheemergencyroomwithnausea,vomiting,and
diarrheaforthreedays.Thepatient'slabvalueisasfollow:K3.8,Na149,
pH7.32,HCO3-20,andPaCO240.Whichofthefollowingintravenous
fluidswouldyouanticipatethedoctorwouldorder?
A.0.45%normalsalinew/100mEq/literofsodiumbicarbonate
B.0.95normalsalinewith40mEq/literofpotassium
C.0.95%normalsaline
D.2.5%DextroseANS:A.0.45%normalsalinew/100mEq/literof
sodiumbicarbonate
Aptpresentstotheclinicw/painandburningsensationoftheskinthat
beginsontherightlowerbackandendsontherightlowerabdomen.
Physicalexamrevealsasilveryrashinthatarea.Thenurseshouldsuspect:
A.herpessimplex B.herpeszoster
C.psoriasis
D.uticariaANS:B.herpeszoster
Aptpresentstotheemergencyroomafteramotorvehicleaccidentw/
obviousdeformityandlackoffunctiontotherightlowerleg.Ax-rayofthe
extremityrevealsthatthetibiaisbrokenintotwopiecesandfibiais
brokenintothreepieces.Thepatienthasmorethanlikelysuffereda:
A.comminutedfracture
B.greenstickfractureure
C.impactedfracture
D.spiralfractureANS:A.comminutedfracture
Aspraininvolves:
A.Stretchinginjurytoamuscleormusculotendinoutunit
B.injurytoaligamentousstructuresthatsupportajoint
C.displacementandlossofarticulationofboneendswithinthejoint
capsule
D.partialdislocationinwhichboneendswithajointarestillinpartial
contactw/eachotherANS:B.injurytoaligamentousstructuresthat
supportajoint
Afteraperiodofprolongedbedrest,thehealthcareprovidertellsthept
thatshehasdevelopedbrittlebones.Thenurseshouldexplaintothept thattheprolongbedresthasresultedin:
A.atrophy
B.fractures
C.contractures
D.OsteoporosisANS:D.Osteoporosis
Contents
Chapter01:CellularBiology.........................................................................................................4
Chapter02:AlteredCellularandTissueBiology:EnvironmentalAgents..............................18
Chapter03:TheCellularEnvironment:FluidsandElectrolytes,AcidsandBases................31
Chapter04:GenesandGeneticDiseases...................................................................................44
Chapter05:Genes,Environment-Lifestyle,andCommonDiseases........................................55
Chapter06:EpigeneticsandDisease.........................................................................................63
Chapter07:InnateImmunity:InflammationandWoundHealing..........................................68
Chapter08:AdaptiveImmunity.................................................................................................83
Chapter09:AlterationsinImmunityandInflammation..........................................................95
Chapter10:Infection.................................................................................................................108
Chapter11:StressandDisease................................................................................................117
Chapter12:CancerBiology......................................................................................................124
Chapter13:CancerEpidemiology............................................................................................137
Chapter14:CancerinChildren................................................................................................143
Chapter15:StructureandFunctionoftheNeurologicSystem.............................................148
Chapter16:Pain,TemperatureRegulation,Sleep,andSensoryFunction...........................159
Chapter17:AlterationsinCognitiveSystems,CerebralHemodynamics,andMotorFunction
.....................................................................................................................................................174 Chapter18:DisordersoftheCentralandPeripheralNervousSystemsandthe
NeuromuscularJunction
..................................................................................................................................................................188
Chapter19:NeurobiologyofSchizophrenia,MoodDisorders,andAnxietyDisorders.......199
Chapter20:AlterationsofNeurologicFunctioninChildren.................................................206
Chapter21:MechanismsofHormonalRegulation.................................................................213
Chapter22:AlterationsofHormonalRegulation...................................................................222
Chapter23:ObesityandDisordersofNutrition.....................................................................234
Chapter24:StructureandFunctionoftheReproductiveSystems.......................................239
Chapter25:AlterationsoftheFemaleReproductiveSystem................................................249
Chapter26:AlterationsoftheMaleReproductiveSystem....................................................259
Chapter27:SexuallyTransmittedInfections..........................................................................265
Chapter28:StructureandFunctionoftheHematologicSystem..........................................273
Chapter29:AlterationsofErythrocytes,Platelets,andHemostaticFunction.....................283
Chapter30:AlterationsofLeukocyteandLymphoidFunction.............................................293
Chapter31:AlterationsofHematologicFunctioninChildren...............................................300
Chapter32:StructureandFunctionoftheCardiovascularandLymphaticSystems..........311
Chapter33:AlterationsofCardiovascularFunction..............................................................324
Chapter34:AlterationsofCardiovascularFunctioninChildren...........................................338
Chapter35:StructureandFunctionofthePulmonarySystem.............................................346
Chapter36:AlterationsofPulmonaryFunction.....................................................................356
Chapter37:AlterationsofPulmonaryFunctioninChildren.................................................373
Chapter38:StructureandFunctionoftheRenalandUrologicSystems..............................381
Chapter39:AlterationsofRenalandUrinaryTractFunction...............................................391
Chapter40:AlterationsofRenalandUrinaryTractFunctioninChildren...........................401
Chapter41:StructureandFunctionoftheDigestiveSystem................................................409
Chapter42:AlterationsofDigestiveFunction........................................................................421
Chapter43:AlterationsofDigestiveFunctioninChildren....................................................432
Chapter44:StructureandFunctionoftheMusculoskeletalSystem....................................441
Chapter45:AlterationsofMusculoskeletalFunction............................................................453
Chapter46:AlterationsofMusculoskeletalFunctioninChildren.........................................466 Chapter47:Structure,Function,andDisordersoftheIntegument......................................475
Chapter48:AlterationsoftheIntegumentinChildren..........................................................486
Chapter49:Shock,MultipleOrganDysfunctionSyndrome,andBurnsinAdults...............494
Chapter50:Shock,MultipleOrganDysfunctionSyndrome,andBurnsinChildren............502
