Test Bank for
Evolutionary Analysis 5th Edition by Herron Jon; Freeman Scott ISBN 9780321998378
Chapter 1-20
M
Chapter 1 A Case for Evolutionary Thinking: Understanding HIV
M
1) In which of the following regions has AIDS killed the largest number of individuals?
A) India
ED
E
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) United States
D) China
D
E) United Kingdom
Answer: B
Section: 1.1
C
T
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
E
2) The HIV virus contains all of the following components except ________.
O
A) integrase
B) double-stranded RNA
S
C) single-stranded RNA
NB
D) reverse transcriptase
E) protease
T
Answer: B
N
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
O
3) The acronym HIV stands for which of the following?
A
A) human intercellular virus
B) human immune virus
I
C) human immunodeficiency virus
N
SS
D) human immunity virus
E) human immunodeficiency vector
Answer: C
K
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
S
EU
4) Which of the following enzymes is responsible for transcribing viral RNA into DNA?
A) RNA polymerase
B) reverse transcriptase
C) DNA polymerase
D) reverse integrase
R
E) RNA duplicase
Answer: B
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 5) The proteins that enable the HIV virus to bind to cells are typically CD4 and CCR5. On what
type of cells are these proteins typically observed?
A) plasma cells
B) dendritic cells
C) effector helper T cells
M
D) memory helper T cells
M
E) both C and D
Answer: E
Section: 1.1
ED
E
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
6) The AIDS phase of HIV infection begins when the concentration of CD4 T cells in the blood
D
drops below what concentration?
A) 2,000 cells per cubic millimeter
B) 1,000 cells per cubic millimeter
C
T
C) 500 cells per cubic millimeter
D) 200 cells per cubic millimeter
E
E) No CD4 T cells are observed.
O
Answer: D
Section: 1.1
S
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
NB
7) Which of the following drug categories are used to treat HIV infections?
T
A) integrase inhibitors
N
B) protease inhibitors
C) reverse transcriptase inhibitors
D) DNAse inhibitors
O
E) fusion inhibitors
A
Answer: D
Section: 1.2
I
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
N
SS
8) Coreceptor inhibitors block HIV infection by preventing which of the following?
A) binding of the HIV virion onto the plasma membrane
K
B) binding of the HIV virion onto the CCR5 receptor
C) binding of the HIV virion onto the gp120 protein
S
EU
D) degrading the coreceptor so the virion cannot attach
E) binding of the HIV virion onto the CD4 receptor
Answer: B
Section: 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
R
9) What is the effect of the ∆32 allele of CCR5 on HIV binding?
A) appears on the surface of CD4 T cells, but the HIV virion is unable to infect the host cell
B) does not appear on the surface of CD4 T cells
C) appears on the surface of the CD4 T cells and inactivates the virion upon binding
D) interferes with binding of the virion to the CD4 receptor protein
2
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
, E) appears on the surface of the CD4 T cells and causes the virion to lyse upon binding
Answer: B
Section: 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
10) The ∆32 allele of CCR5 is found at the highest frequency in which of the following
M
M
populations?
A) Africans
B) Japanese
ED
E
C) North Americans
D) Europeans
E) South Americans
D
Answer: D
Section: 1.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
C
T
11) HIV-1 is believed to have been transmitted to humans from which of the following
E
organisms?
O
A) gorillas
B) sooty mangabeys
C) African green monkeys
S
NB
D) chimpanzees
E) baboons
T
Answer: D
N
Section: 1.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
O
12) HIV-1 Group M is responsible for 95% of human infections. When is it estimated that HIV-1
A
Group M was transferred to humans?
A) 1980
I
B) 1960
N
SS
C) 1930
D) 1995
E) 1900
K
Answer: C
Section: 1.4
S
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
EU
13) Antibodies and killer T cells recognize HIV or HIV-infected cells by binding to short pieces
of viral proteins displayed on the virus or the infected host cell. These short pieces of viral
proteins are called ________.
A) coat proteins
R
B) virosomes
C) proteosomes
D) epitopes
E) episomes
Answer: D
3
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Section: 1.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
14) Tetherin is an important protein produced by the host. What is the function of tetherin in
protecting a host cell from HIV?
A) ties maturing virions to the membrane of the host cell, thereby preventing the release of the
M
M
mature virus
B) binds the virus to the external host cell membrane, thereby preventing the virus from entering
the host cell
ED
E
C) binds the viral RNA to reverse transcriptase, thus preventing synthesis of the viral DNA
D) binds the two viral RNA strands together, thus preventing the transcription of viral DNA in
the host cell
D
E) causes the maturing virions to aggregate together, thus preventing their release from the host
cell
Answer: A
C
T
Section: 1.5
Skill: Application/Analysis
E
O
15) Early in the infection with HIV, most virions bind to the host cell using CCR5 as a
coreceptor. As the infection progresses, the HIV population evolves to use an alternate
S
coreceptor. What is the alternate coreceptor these X4 viruses utilize?
NB
A) Tetherin
B) CCR5α
T
C) vpu
N
D) TRIM5α
E) CXCR4
Answer: E
O
Section: 1.5
A
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
I
16) In what region of the world is the incidence of infection with HIV highest?
N
SS
Answer: Sub-Saharan Africa
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
K
17) Originally, HIV was thought to be restricted to transmission during homosexual contact
S
between gay men. List other ways in which HIV is currently known to be transmitted.
EU
Answer: HIV can be transmitted by heterosexual sex, oral sex, needle sharing, transfusion with
contaminated blood products, other unsafe medical procedures, childbirth and breast-feeding.
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
R
18) What does the acronym AIDS stand for?
Answer: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Evolutionary Analysis 5th Edition by Herron Jon; Freeman Scott ISBN 9780321998378
Chapter 1-20
M
Chapter 1 A Case for Evolutionary Thinking: Understanding HIV
M
1) In which of the following regions has AIDS killed the largest number of individuals?
A) India
ED
E
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) United States
D) China
D
E) United Kingdom
Answer: B
Section: 1.1
C
T
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
E
2) The HIV virus contains all of the following components except ________.
O
A) integrase
B) double-stranded RNA
S
C) single-stranded RNA
NB
D) reverse transcriptase
E) protease
T
Answer: B
N
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
O
3) The acronym HIV stands for which of the following?
A
A) human intercellular virus
B) human immune virus
I
C) human immunodeficiency virus
N
SS
D) human immunity virus
E) human immunodeficiency vector
Answer: C
K
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
S
EU
4) Which of the following enzymes is responsible for transcribing viral RNA into DNA?
A) RNA polymerase
B) reverse transcriptase
C) DNA polymerase
D) reverse integrase
R
E) RNA duplicase
Answer: B
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 5) The proteins that enable the HIV virus to bind to cells are typically CD4 and CCR5. On what
type of cells are these proteins typically observed?
A) plasma cells
B) dendritic cells
C) effector helper T cells
M
D) memory helper T cells
M
E) both C and D
Answer: E
Section: 1.1
ED
E
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
6) The AIDS phase of HIV infection begins when the concentration of CD4 T cells in the blood
D
drops below what concentration?
A) 2,000 cells per cubic millimeter
B) 1,000 cells per cubic millimeter
C
T
C) 500 cells per cubic millimeter
D) 200 cells per cubic millimeter
E
E) No CD4 T cells are observed.
O
Answer: D
Section: 1.1
S
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
NB
7) Which of the following drug categories are used to treat HIV infections?
T
A) integrase inhibitors
N
B) protease inhibitors
C) reverse transcriptase inhibitors
D) DNAse inhibitors
O
E) fusion inhibitors
A
Answer: D
Section: 1.2
I
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
N
SS
8) Coreceptor inhibitors block HIV infection by preventing which of the following?
A) binding of the HIV virion onto the plasma membrane
K
B) binding of the HIV virion onto the CCR5 receptor
C) binding of the HIV virion onto the gp120 protein
S
EU
D) degrading the coreceptor so the virion cannot attach
E) binding of the HIV virion onto the CD4 receptor
Answer: B
Section: 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
R
9) What is the effect of the ∆32 allele of CCR5 on HIV binding?
A) appears on the surface of CD4 T cells, but the HIV virion is unable to infect the host cell
B) does not appear on the surface of CD4 T cells
C) appears on the surface of the CD4 T cells and inactivates the virion upon binding
D) interferes with binding of the virion to the CD4 receptor protein
2
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
, E) appears on the surface of the CD4 T cells and causes the virion to lyse upon binding
Answer: B
Section: 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
10) The ∆32 allele of CCR5 is found at the highest frequency in which of the following
M
M
populations?
A) Africans
B) Japanese
ED
E
C) North Americans
D) Europeans
E) South Americans
D
Answer: D
Section: 1.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
C
T
11) HIV-1 is believed to have been transmitted to humans from which of the following
E
organisms?
O
A) gorillas
B) sooty mangabeys
C) African green monkeys
S
NB
D) chimpanzees
E) baboons
T
Answer: D
N
Section: 1.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
O
12) HIV-1 Group M is responsible for 95% of human infections. When is it estimated that HIV-1
A
Group M was transferred to humans?
A) 1980
I
B) 1960
N
SS
C) 1930
D) 1995
E) 1900
K
Answer: C
Section: 1.4
S
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
EU
13) Antibodies and killer T cells recognize HIV or HIV-infected cells by binding to short pieces
of viral proteins displayed on the virus or the infected host cell. These short pieces of viral
proteins are called ________.
A) coat proteins
R
B) virosomes
C) proteosomes
D) epitopes
E) episomes
Answer: D
3
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Section: 1.5
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
14) Tetherin is an important protein produced by the host. What is the function of tetherin in
protecting a host cell from HIV?
A) ties maturing virions to the membrane of the host cell, thereby preventing the release of the
M
M
mature virus
B) binds the virus to the external host cell membrane, thereby preventing the virus from entering
the host cell
ED
E
C) binds the viral RNA to reverse transcriptase, thus preventing synthesis of the viral DNA
D) binds the two viral RNA strands together, thus preventing the transcription of viral DNA in
the host cell
D
E) causes the maturing virions to aggregate together, thus preventing their release from the host
cell
Answer: A
C
T
Section: 1.5
Skill: Application/Analysis
E
O
15) Early in the infection with HIV, most virions bind to the host cell using CCR5 as a
coreceptor. As the infection progresses, the HIV population evolves to use an alternate
S
coreceptor. What is the alternate coreceptor these X4 viruses utilize?
NB
A) Tetherin
B) CCR5α
T
C) vpu
N
D) TRIM5α
E) CXCR4
Answer: E
O
Section: 1.5
A
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
I
16) In what region of the world is the incidence of infection with HIV highest?
N
SS
Answer: Sub-Saharan Africa
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
K
17) Originally, HIV was thought to be restricted to transmission during homosexual contact
S
between gay men. List other ways in which HIV is currently known to be transmitted.
EU
Answer: HIV can be transmitted by heterosexual sex, oral sex, needle sharing, transfusion with
contaminated blood products, other unsafe medical procedures, childbirth and breast-feeding.
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
R
18) What does the acronym AIDS stand for?
Answer: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Section: 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
