Summary GCSE Chemistry Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry - Paper 2 - Topic 9c - Alcohols and Carboxylic acids

Group of compounds that all contain the -COOH functional group.

Consits of a carbon atom that has formed a double bond with
a lone oxygen and a single bond with an -OH group.

General formula is CnH 2n+1COOH, n is the number of
carbon atoms in the molecule minus 1 Carboxylic acids

Names of carboxylic acids end in -anoic acid

Carboxylic acids are made by oxidising alcohols using an
oxidising agent

Members of a homologus series often react in similar ways
due to the presence of the same functional group

To make a concentration of ethanol above 20%, ethanol must
be concentrated by fractional distillation of the fermentation
mixture

Ethanol has a lower boiling point than water

When the mixture is heated, ethanol evapourates and the Fractional distillation of e
vapour rises up the fractionating column while the water
stays liquid

A liebig condenser is used to condense the ethanol vapour
by cooling it by passing cold water through it

The concentrated ethanol can then be collected in a seperate
flask

A fuel produced from biological processes, not geological

Renewable