MGT 301: University of Dayton Exam 1 Questions with well explained answers

4 tasks that managers perfom - Answer-planning, controlling, leading, and organizing Organizational Structure - Answer-the patterns of jobs, people, and groups in an organization Horizontal Differentiation - Answer-the way a company divides up the tasks it needs to perform 4 types of Horizontal differentiation - Answer-functional, product, customer, and matrix structures Functional Horizontal differentiation - Answer-you differentiate tasks via employee function (specialization) product Horizontal differentiation - Answer-you differentiate tasks via product division customer Horizontal differentiation - Answer-you differentiate tasks via specific customer matrix Horizontal differentiation - Answer-overlays two structures in order to leverage the benefits of both Vertical differentiation - Answer-the hierarchy of an organization Tall vertical differentiation - Answer-a hierarchy that has many tiers of command in the organization which results in a smaller span of control Flat vertical differentiation - Answer-a hierarchy that only has a few tiers of command in the organization which results in a larger span of control Span of Control - Answer-the average number of employees that directly report to a manager or an employee higher in commandFormalization - Answer-the number of rules, regulations, procedures that a firm has for employees to follow Centralization - Answer-the degree to which power is held by a small group of people, typically those at the top of the organizational hierarchy Perception at Work - Answer-The process by which we select, organize, & interpret the input from our senses. Primacy Effects on Perception - Answer-Initial pieces of information that a perceiver has about a target have an inordinately large effect on the perception and evaluation of the target. Contrast Effects on Perception - Answer-The perceptions of others or the environment can shape (and sometimes distort) our view of a target