AHA BLS EXAM LATEST EXAM WITH 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)AGRADE

In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur? a. healthcare clinics b. homes c. recreational facilities d. shopping centers - ANSWER- b. homes Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children? a. cardiac problem b. congenital or acquired heart defect c. respiratory failure or shock d. infection and sepsis - ANSWER- c. respiratory failure or shock Which statement best describes sudden cardiac arrest? a. when respiratory distress in adults occurs and the heart rate does not change b. when the heart rate is 40 - 60/min and respirations increase c. when the blood flow to the heart is blocked and the heart rate increases d. when an abnormal rhythm develops and the heart stops beating unexpectedly - ANSWER- d. when an abnormal rhythm develops and the heart stops beating unexpectedly What are the 3 main components of CPR - ANSWER- 1) compressions 2) airway 3) breathing What are 6 steps of the adult cardiac arrest algorithm? - ANSWER- 1) verify scene safety/note time if possible 2) assess responsiveness (tap shoulder and shout "ARE YOU OKAY?" Not okay? [1] shout for help [2] activate ems via cell phone if appropriate [3] get AED/emergency equipment/Narcan (or send someone to do so) 3) look for breathing or only gasping [scan the victims chest for rise/fall] and check pulse (simultaneously). Is pulse definitely felt within 10 seconds? Yes = monitor person until emergency responders arrive No breathing but + pulse = provide rescue breathing with 1 breath every 5 - 6 seconds (total 10 - 12 breaths per minute). Consider triad of opioid OD (1. ask bystanders if know what happened 2) look for track marks 3) look for pill bottles, needles, etc.) Continue rescue breathing doing this while checking for a pulse about every 2 minutes. If not pulse, start CPR. If possible opioid OD, give Narcan No breathing/just gasping & no definitive pulse (after checking for 5 - 10 seconds) = start CPR (step # 4) **By this time in all scenarios, 1) EMS or backup is activated & 2) AED/emergency equipment/Narcan have been retrieved or someone is retrieving them - CONFIRM THESE 2 THINGS HAVE BEEN DONE 4) CPR should begin within 10 seconds of checking for responsiveness/breathing/pulse. Quickly remove clothing for proper hand placement and placement of AED pads. Patient should be on a firm surface (floor/board). Begin cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths. Turn on and follow the prompts of AED as soon as it arrives. 5) AED arrives. Turn it on and follow prompts. 6) AED will say whether the rhythm is shockable. SWITCH ROLES IF 2 RESCUERS ARE PRESENT Yes = Give 1 shock and follow AED instructions (resume CPR immediately for ~ 2 minutes, until prompted by the AED to do another rhythm check). Continue this cycle until patient becomes responsive or the victim starts to move. No = Resume CPR immediately for ~ 2 minutes, until prompted by the AED to do another rhythm check. Continue until ALS providers take over or until patient starts to breathe, move or otherwise react How many times is breathing and/or a pulse checked in adult CPR? - ANSWER- Just once, at the beginning. Afterwards, the AED (if shock advised), patient (if moves) or ALS crew dictates when CPR is stopped. How many seconds should it take to verify 1) unresponsiveness 2) lack of breathing and/or circulation 3) notifying EMS 4) getting AED/emergency equipment? - ANSWER- No more than 10 seconds When are agonal gasps seen in sudden cardiac arrest? - ANSWERAgonal gasps may be present in the first minutes after sudden cardiac arrest. What is this describing: Person usually looks like he's drawing air in very quickly. The mouth may be open and the jaw, head or neck may move with this effort. May appear forceful or weak. Some time may occur between them because they usually happen at a slow rate. May sound like a snort, snore or groan. This is not normal breathing. It's a sign of cardiac arrest. - ANSWER- Agonal gasps How do you locate the carotid pulse? - ANSWER- 1) locate the trachea on the side closest to you, using 2 - 3 fingers 2) slide these 2 or 3 fingers into the groove between the trachea and the muscles at the side of the neck, where you can feel the carotid pulse 3) feel for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds. If you don't definitely feel a pulse, begin CPR, starting with chest compressions (do a 30:2 ratio) What age of people should get the 30:2 ratio of CPR with SINGLE rescuers? - ANSWER- Victims of any age. Should you move the victim during chest compressions? - ANSWERDo not move the victim while CPR is in progress unless the victim is in a dangerous env't (ie., burning building) or if believe you can't perform CPR effectively in the victim's present position or location. ALS providers may elect to move the patient while CPR is in progress. Where should you place your hand for adult CPR? - ANSWER- Put the heels of each hands in the center of the victim's chest, on the lower half of the sternum. In terms of direct patient care, how can three rescuers be utilized before the AED arrives? - ANSWER- 1) first person does CPR 2) second person holds open the airway 3) third person delivers breaths **During CPR, jaw thrust and bag-mask ventilation are more efficiently performed when 2 or more rescuers are providing ventilation. Do face shields provide the same level of infection risk as pocket masks? - ANSWER- No, rescuers should replace face shields with a pocket mask at the first opportunity. What is the percent of inhaled oxygen content and exhaled oxygen content in the air we breathe? Why is this relevant? - ANSWER- The air we breathe contains about 21% oxygen. The air we breathe out contains about 17% oxygen. Because we use a relatively small amount of the oxygen we breathe, the air that the rescuer breathes out provides the victim with much needed oxygen. Fun fact: how many cycles of CPR (30:2) occurs ~ every 2 minutes (between rhythm checks of the AED? - ANSWER- ~5 cycles of CPR (30:2) If rescuers have to switch roles more often than with the ~ every 2 minute checks from the AED, how long should it take for the rescuers to assume each other's roles? - ANSWER- Less than 5 seconds A 53 yo man suddenly collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness him collapse and are the first rescuer to arrive at the scene. You find him lying motionless on the floor. What is the first action you should take in this situation? a. activate the ems b. start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions c. start providing rescue breaths