Unit 8: Physiology of Human Body Symptoms
Title: Understand the impact of Hodgkin Lymphoma on the physiology of the lymphatic system
and the associated corrective treatments
Learning aim B
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Patient B is a 23-year-old male who has Stage 2 Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. He is from the working-class
socioeconomic background of London, UK. He has been experiencing unexplained weight loss and
night sweats. As he is on stage 2 this means more than two of his nodes are affected.
The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help you get rid of toxins, waste and
other unwanted materials. Their function is to transport lymph around the body and absorb fat and
vitamins.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma occurs when cancer cells form in the lymph system. The reason is yet unknown.
It is classified as an uncommon cancer that develops in the lymphatic system and eventually spreads
through the whole body. The lymphocytes that are affected lose their infection-fighting properties,
weakening the patient’s immune system making them more vulnerable to infections and diseases.
Structure and Function of the lymphatic system in the healthy state
[diagram of lymphatic system]
Lymphoid How they work
organs
Lymph They are formed near the capillary beds and work with veins to return tissue fluid
vessels & and inflammatory cells to the blood stream. They form network of branches in
valves order to reach most body tissues.
Lymph nodes Some types of blood cells are made in the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are to filter
, Unit 8: Physiology of Human Body Symptoms
Title: Understand the impact of Hodgkin Lymphoma on the physiology of the lymphatic system
and the associated corrective treatments
Learning aim B
harmful substances. Vessels carry lymph fluid through nodes and throughout the
body. Nodes contain immune cells to help fight off infection.
Tonsils Tonsils are part of the immune system. Tonsils trap germs and bacteria that a
person breathes in. Antibodies in the tonsils kill these germs and prevent lung and
throat infections. There are two tonsils located on both sides of the back of your
mouth.
Spleen The spleen removes foreign matter from the body. It stores blood platelets and
some products of the old blood cells for later reuse. The spleens function is to
extract old blood cells and platelets and break them down.
Thymus Thymus is located between the two lungs and active until the person hits puberty.
After puberty the thymus begins to shrink and is replaced by fat. When active the
thymus protects the body from immune system turning against itself which is called
autoimmunity. The thymus is known to produce t-cells and by puberty it should
have produced all. T cells protect body from cancer cells and pathogens.
Lacteals Lacteals absorb dietary fats in the small intestine. They are known to absorb and
transport substances that are too large for the blood stream.
Peyer’s They monitor bacterial population in the intestines and prevent infectious bacteria
patches from growing. Their structure is like the lymph nodes. Peyer’s patches are found
lining a person’s ilium area of small intestine. Ilium is the bottom half of a person’s
small intestine. An average person has about 30-40 Peyer’s patches. The size and
shape of it varies from person to person.
Bone marrow Bone marrow is located inside the bones. It contains stem cells which are cells that
have not been matured. A healthy bone marrow is required for a person to survive.
Red bone marrow produces red blood cells in adults and yellow bone marrow acts
as a storage for fats. It helps maintain an appropriate environment for the bones to
function correctly.
Symptoms of the disorder
Hodgkin’s lymphoma may cause the individual to have night sweats, dramatic weight loss, high
temperature, persistent cough or feeling of breathlessness and constant itching of the skin all over
the body. People who have Hodgkin's lymphoma also may notice themselves more tired than
usual and heavy, excessive bleeding such as random nose bleeds and abnormally heavy periods.
Which could lead to anaemia and make the fatigue the person has much worse and the person
may feel dizzy constantly. This disorder makes the individual more vulnerable to infections and
other illnesses.
Describe the effect of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma on muscles and joints
Hodgkin’s lymphoma develops in the lymphatic system which is part of the immune system. It is
when B cells start to multiply very unusually causing some parts of the lymphatic system like the
lymph nodes to collect these cells. The collection of the B-cells causes the lymphocytes to lose their
function to fight against infection making the patient very vulnerable to infections. B cells are a type
of white blood cell. White blood cells protect body against infectious diseases and foreign matters.
Hodgkin lymphoma affects mostly the lymph nodes in the neck and chest. As these are the affected
parts of the body the swelling will also be cause here as well. Hodgkin’s lymphoma is known to affect
the nodes and the tissues of the lymphatic system.
Hodgkin's lymphoma may also result in muscle weakness. It is a primary symptom of skeletal
diseases. Weakness in muscles can affect a person’s everyday activities like for example the ability to
lift certain objects or perform an exercise or any sport activities. The swelling of the nodes may affect
the joints in the body. Joints enable the bones to move however if the joints are too affected by the
Hodgkin's lymphoma the ability to move them may be difficult or not very possible.
Corrective treatments:
Title: Understand the impact of Hodgkin Lymphoma on the physiology of the lymphatic system
and the associated corrective treatments
Learning aim B
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Patient B is a 23-year-old male who has Stage 2 Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. He is from the working-class
socioeconomic background of London, UK. He has been experiencing unexplained weight loss and
night sweats. As he is on stage 2 this means more than two of his nodes are affected.
The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help you get rid of toxins, waste and
other unwanted materials. Their function is to transport lymph around the body and absorb fat and
vitamins.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma occurs when cancer cells form in the lymph system. The reason is yet unknown.
It is classified as an uncommon cancer that develops in the lymphatic system and eventually spreads
through the whole body. The lymphocytes that are affected lose their infection-fighting properties,
weakening the patient’s immune system making them more vulnerable to infections and diseases.
Structure and Function of the lymphatic system in the healthy state
[diagram of lymphatic system]
Lymphoid How they work
organs
Lymph They are formed near the capillary beds and work with veins to return tissue fluid
vessels & and inflammatory cells to the blood stream. They form network of branches in
valves order to reach most body tissues.
Lymph nodes Some types of blood cells are made in the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are to filter
, Unit 8: Physiology of Human Body Symptoms
Title: Understand the impact of Hodgkin Lymphoma on the physiology of the lymphatic system
and the associated corrective treatments
Learning aim B
harmful substances. Vessels carry lymph fluid through nodes and throughout the
body. Nodes contain immune cells to help fight off infection.
Tonsils Tonsils are part of the immune system. Tonsils trap germs and bacteria that a
person breathes in. Antibodies in the tonsils kill these germs and prevent lung and
throat infections. There are two tonsils located on both sides of the back of your
mouth.
Spleen The spleen removes foreign matter from the body. It stores blood platelets and
some products of the old blood cells for later reuse. The spleens function is to
extract old blood cells and platelets and break them down.
Thymus Thymus is located between the two lungs and active until the person hits puberty.
After puberty the thymus begins to shrink and is replaced by fat. When active the
thymus protects the body from immune system turning against itself which is called
autoimmunity. The thymus is known to produce t-cells and by puberty it should
have produced all. T cells protect body from cancer cells and pathogens.
Lacteals Lacteals absorb dietary fats in the small intestine. They are known to absorb and
transport substances that are too large for the blood stream.
Peyer’s They monitor bacterial population in the intestines and prevent infectious bacteria
patches from growing. Their structure is like the lymph nodes. Peyer’s patches are found
lining a person’s ilium area of small intestine. Ilium is the bottom half of a person’s
small intestine. An average person has about 30-40 Peyer’s patches. The size and
shape of it varies from person to person.
Bone marrow Bone marrow is located inside the bones. It contains stem cells which are cells that
have not been matured. A healthy bone marrow is required for a person to survive.
Red bone marrow produces red blood cells in adults and yellow bone marrow acts
as a storage for fats. It helps maintain an appropriate environment for the bones to
function correctly.
Symptoms of the disorder
Hodgkin’s lymphoma may cause the individual to have night sweats, dramatic weight loss, high
temperature, persistent cough or feeling of breathlessness and constant itching of the skin all over
the body. People who have Hodgkin's lymphoma also may notice themselves more tired than
usual and heavy, excessive bleeding such as random nose bleeds and abnormally heavy periods.
Which could lead to anaemia and make the fatigue the person has much worse and the person
may feel dizzy constantly. This disorder makes the individual more vulnerable to infections and
other illnesses.
Describe the effect of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma on muscles and joints
Hodgkin’s lymphoma develops in the lymphatic system which is part of the immune system. It is
when B cells start to multiply very unusually causing some parts of the lymphatic system like the
lymph nodes to collect these cells. The collection of the B-cells causes the lymphocytes to lose their
function to fight against infection making the patient very vulnerable to infections. B cells are a type
of white blood cell. White blood cells protect body against infectious diseases and foreign matters.
Hodgkin lymphoma affects mostly the lymph nodes in the neck and chest. As these are the affected
parts of the body the swelling will also be cause here as well. Hodgkin’s lymphoma is known to affect
the nodes and the tissues of the lymphatic system.
Hodgkin's lymphoma may also result in muscle weakness. It is a primary symptom of skeletal
diseases. Weakness in muscles can affect a person’s everyday activities like for example the ability to
lift certain objects or perform an exercise or any sport activities. The swelling of the nodes may affect
the joints in the body. Joints enable the bones to move however if the joints are too affected by the
Hodgkin's lymphoma the ability to move them may be difficult or not very possible.
Corrective treatments:
