WGU - C458 - Health, Wellness and Fitness Exam With Verified Solutions

WGU - C458 - Health, Wellness and Fitness Exam With Verified Solutions Amphetamines - answerUppers, stimulants. Legitimate and useful medical applications, but often abused. Example Ritalin for ADHD. Adderall for obesity, ADHD and narcolepsy. Ecstasy - answerMDMA. Club drug often used at all night dance parties (raves). Stimulant that increases heart rate and blood pressure and can lead to heart or kidney failure; regular use produces long-lasting, perhaps permanent, damage to your brains ability to think and store memories. Hallucinogens - answerSubstances that occur naturally or produce synthetically that distort user's perception of reality; cause sensory illusions that make it difficult to distinguish fact from fantasy. Example: LSD, peyote, PCP. Barbiturates - answerHistorically represented one of nations biggest drug abuse problems. Generally known as downers, often taken as a way of escaping problems of daily living. Effects range from person feeling drowsy, uninhibited, and intoxicated to intoxication and staggering as if drunk, slurred speech, confused. Nicotine - answerFound in tobacco. Potent parasympathetic alkaloid, stimulant drug, addictive. Associated with cardiovascular disease, potential birth defects, and poisoning. Associated with cancer. Suppositories - answerDrug delivery system inserted into rectum, vagina, or urethra where it dissolves or melts and is absorbed into the bloodstream. Diuretics - answerPromotes production of urine. Used for high blood pressure. Often used by bulimics for weight loss. Intravenous injection - answerA route of drug administration directly into the bloodstream through a vein. Yield sstrongest and most rapid effact but is most dangerous due to risk of infection, vein collapse, or overdose. Intramuscular injection - answerA route of drug administration; injected into the muscle. Drug abuse - answerGenerally refers to chronic, excessive use of a drug. May also refer to a person's intent. Drug inhibition (receptor site) - answer THC - answerActive ingredient in marijuana. Connects to nerve cell sites and brain called cannabinoid receptors and influences the activity of those cells. Influences pleasure, memory, thought, concentration, sensory and time perception, and coordinated movement. Increases risk of heart attack. Increases risk of cancer. Can lead to depression anxiety and personality disturbances. Causes birth defects. Can be used for medical purposes: glaucoma, Chemotherapy cause to nausea and vomiting, appetite stimulant, antiasthmatic, seizures, muscle relaxant action. Receptor sites (of a drug) - answerTarget cells for drugs. OTC drugs - answerOver-the-counter drugs; such as, cough medicine, pain medication, allergy medication that don't require prescriptions. Tolerance - answerSome drugs are used frequently, large doses are required to maintain the same effect Anabolic steroids - answerSynthetic variant of the male sex hormone testosterone Opioids - answerSubstances that act on the nervous system, medications that are artificially made, reduce the intensity of pain signals reaching the brain and affect those brain areas controlling emotion which diminishes the effects of a painful stimulus; Morphine, tramadol, oxycodone, methadone Endorphins - answerEndogenous opioid neuropeptides. Produced by central nervous system and pituitary gland. Released during exercise, interact with the receptors in your brain to reduce perception of pain, trigger positive body feeling, similar to morphine GRASE list (FDA) - answerGenerally recognized as safe by the FDA for use in food and drugs Epinephrine - answerSometimes called adrenaline; secreted by the adrenal medulla; stimulation of the meulla by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system causes release of hormones, especially epinephrine, into the blood to initiate short-term fight or flight response to stress Synergism - answerCombined action of drugs is greater than the sum of the effects of anyone drug taking a loan. For example, some drugs potentiate or increase the effects of another drug. Prostaglandin inhibitors - answerNSAIDs. Medications that act on prostaglandins, compounds that regulate muscle contractions. Benzodiazepines - answerClass of psychoactive drug; court chemical structure is fusion of benzene ring and a diazepine ring. Examples: diazepam (Valium), alpazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (klonopin), Lorazepam (Ativan), MIdazolam Narcotics - answerAny of a group of drugs such as heroin and morphine that produce numbness and stupor. Commonly used to relieve pain; may cause addiction.