HESI A2 ENTRANCE EXAM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SECTION QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024 UPDATE

HESI A2 ENTRANCE EXAM ANTOMY & PHYSIOLOGY SECTION QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024 UPDATE 1. Which of the following organs is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the body? a) Liver b) Pancreas c) Spleen d) Gallbladder 2. The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body is known as: a) Respiration b) Digestion c) Circulation d) Excretion 3. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? a) Support b) Protection c) Hormone production d) Blood cell production 4. What is the primary function of red blood cells? a) Fighting infections b) Transporting oxygen c) Clotting blood d) Carrying nutrients 5. The structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity is called the: a) Diaphragm b) Pericardium c) Pleura d) Mesentery 6. Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system? a) Gas exchange b) Regulation of blood pH c) Production of hormones d) Vocalization 7. Which of the following is NOT a component of the central nervous system? a) Brain b) Spinal cord c) Peripheral nerves d) Cranial nerves 8. Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels? a) Insulin b) Glucagon c) Estrogen d) Testosterone 9. The layer of skin that contains blood vessels, nerve endings, and sweat glands is the: a) Epidermis b) Dermis c) Hypodermis d) Subcutis 10. Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system? a) Regulation of blood pressure b) Removal of waste products c) Production of hormones d) Regulation of electrolyte balance 11. Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle tissue? a) Skeletal b) Cardiac c) Smooth d) Dense 12. What is the function of the lymphatic system? a) Transportation of oxygen b) Filtration of blood c) Regulation of body temperature d) Defense against pathogens 13. Which of the following is the primary function of the small intestine? a) Absorption of nutrients b) Mechanical digestion c) Storage of bile d) Production of enzymes 14. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the female reproductive system? a) Uterus b) Ovary c) Prostate gland d) Vagina 15. What is the function of the adrenal glands? a) Regulation of blood sugar levels b) Production of insulin c) Production of stress hormones d) Regulation of body temperature 16. The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called: a) Active transport b) Osmosis c) Diffusion d) Filtration 17. What is the function of the cerebellum? a) Regulation of body temperature b) Coordination of movement c) Regulation of hunger d) Production of hormones 18. Which of the following is NOT a component of blood? a) Red blood cells b) White blood cells c) Platelets d) Plasma e) Hemoglobin 19. The hormone responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood is: a) Estrogen b) Insulin c) Parathyroid hormone d) Thyroxine 20. Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system? a) Protection against pathogens b) Regulation of body temperature c) Production of hormones d) Sensation 21. What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system? a) Production of bile b) Absorption of nutrients c) Regulation of blood sugar levels d) Storage of nutrients 22. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system? a) Transporting nutrients b) Removing waste products c) Regulation of blood pressure d) Production of bile 23. What is the purpose of the myelin sheath? a) To provide insulation for nerve fibers b) To produce hormones c) To store neurotransmitters d) To regulate body temperature 24. Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton? a) Skull b) Ribs c) Scapula d) Vertebrae 25. The structure that connects muscle to bone is called a: a) Ligament b) Tendon c) Cartilage d) Synapse 26. Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? a) Regulation of body temperature b) Production of hormones c) Regulation of hunger and thirst d) Control of the pituitary gland 27. What is the function of the Eustachian tube? a) Regulation of blood pressure b) Regulation of body temperature c) Equalization of pressure in the middle ear d) Production of hormones 28. Question: What is the primary function of the respiratory system? • Answer: The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate gas exchange, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment. 29. Question: Which organ is responsible for filtering blood, removing toxins, and producing bile? a. Answer: The liver is responsible for filtering blood, removing toxins, and producing bile. 30. Question: Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary muscle movements and maintaining balance and posture? a. Answer: The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary muscle movements and maintaining balance and posture. 31. Question: What type of joint is the elbow joint? a. Answer: The elbow joint is a hinge joint, allowing movement primarily in one plane, like a door hinge. 32. Question: What is the function of red blood cells? a. Answer: Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and removing carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. 33. Question: Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels? a. Answer: Insulin, produced by the pancreas, is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. 34. Question: What is the role of the kidneys in the urinary system? a. Answer: The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, regulate electrolyte balance, and maintain fluid balance by producing urine. 35. Question: Which structure connects the muscles to bones? a. Answer: Tendons connect muscles to bones, transmitting the force generated by muscle contraction to produce movement at the joints. 36. Question: What is the purpose of the lymphatic system? a. Answer: The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in immune function by filtering lymph (fluid derived from blood plasma), removing pathogens and foreign substances, and producing lymphocytes. 37. Question: Which of the following organs is responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products? A) Liver B) Kidneys C) Pancreas D) Spleen 38. Question: Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary muscle movements and maintaining balance and posture? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Medulla oblongata D) Hypothalamus 39. Question: Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton? A) Femur B) Skull C) Sternum D) Vertebrae 40. Question: Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system? A) Gas exchange B) Regulation of blood pH C) Transportation of oxygen to tissues D) Regulation of body temperature 41. Question: Which of the following is NOT a component of blood? A) Platelets B) White blood cells C) Hemoglobin D) Insulin Correct Answer: D) Insulin 42. Question: What is the primary function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)? A) Transporting oxygen B) Fighting infection C) Clotting blood D) Removing waste products 43. Question: Which of the following is the correct order of the digestive system organs through which food passes? A) Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, esophagus B) Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine C) Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine D) Mouth, stomach, large intestine, small intestine 44. Question: Which type of muscle is striated and under voluntary control? A) Cardiac muscle B) Smooth muscle C) Skeletal muscle D) Involuntary muscle 45. Question: Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels? A) Insulin B) Cortisol C) Thyroxine D) Estrogen Question: What is the function of the lymphatic system?