AQA AQA GCSE BIOLOGY 8461/2H Paper 2 Higher Tier *236G84612H/MS* Version: 1.0 Final *jun2384612H01* IB/M/Jun23/E21 8461/2H QUESTION PAPER & MARKING SCHEME/ [MERGED] Marl( scheme June 2023

AQA GCSE BIOLOGY 8461/2H Paper 2 Higher Tier *236G84612H/MS* Version: 1.0 Final *jun2384612H01* IB/M/Jun23/E21 8461/2H For Examiner’s Use Question Mark 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TOTAL Friday 9 June 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • a ruler • a scientific calculator. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Pencil should only be used for drawing. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. • If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. • In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. Information • The maximum mark for this paper is 100. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature I declare this is my own work. GCSE BIOLOGY Higher Tier Paper 2H H 2 *02* IB/M/Jun23/8461/2H Do not write outside the There are no questions printed on this page box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED 3 *03* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun23/8461/2H Do not write outside the Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box 0 1 Many different species can live together in the same habitat. 0 1 . 1 What name is given to all of the organisms living in the same habitat? [1 mark] Tick () one box. A community A food chain A population An ecosystem Question 1 continues on the next page 4 *04* IB/M/Jun23/8461/2H Do not write outside the box Figure 1 shows four species of bird from the same habitat in the UK. Figure 1 Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla) Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) 5 *05* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun23/8461/2H Do not write outside the box 0 1 . 2 Which species of bird in Figure 1 do scientists think are most closely related? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Brambling and chaffinch Brambling and goldfinch Bullfinch and chaffinch Bullfinch and goldfinch 0 1 . 3 Scientists think the brambling and the bullfinch belong to different species. What evidence is used by scientists to classify the brambling and the bullfinch as different species? [1 mark] Tick () one box. The brambling and the bullfinch are different sizes. The brambling and the bullfinch cannot breed together to give fertile offspring. The brambling and the bullfinch live in different parts of the habitat. The brambling eats mainly seeds and the bullfinch eats mainly insects. Question 1 continues on the next page 6 *06* IB/M/Jun23/8461/2H Do not write outside the box Four other species of bird (A, B, C and D) live in a habitat in the UK. Figure 2 shows how the numbers of each species of bird varied during one year. Figure 2 Use information from Figure 2 to answer Questions 01.4 to 01.6 0 1 . 4 Describe what happens to the number of birds of species A during the year. [3 marks] 7 *07* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun23/8461/2H Do not write outside the box 0 1 . 5 In June and July, a disease affected the populations of some of the species. Which species had the lowest resistance to the disease? [1 mark] Tick () one box. A B C D 0 1 . 6 One species migrates between the UK and other countries. Which species migrates between the UK and other countries? Give a reason for your answer. [1 mark] Species Reason Turn over for the next question 8 8 *08* IB/M/Jun23/8461/2H Do not write outside the box 0 2 A person’s eyes can focus on objects at different distances. A person looks at a distant object. The person then looks at a near object. The person’s eyes make adjustments so that the near object forms a clear image. 0 2 . 1 Which term describes the adjustment of focus from the distant object to the near object? [1 mark] Tick () one box. Accommodation Adaptation Hyperopia Myopia Figure 3 shows the eye. Figure 3 . 9 *09* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun23/8461/2H Do not write outside the box 0 2 . 2 Which structure in Figure 3 is where the image is focused? [1 mark] Tick () one box. A B C D E 0 2 . 3 Which structure in Figure 3 is a muscle that contracts when focusing on a near object? [1 mark] Tick () one box. A B C D E 0 2 . 4 What happens to the shape of the lens when focusing on a near object? [1 mark] 0 2 . 5 The eyes can function in dimly-lit areas and in brightly-lit areas. The iris contains muscles. Describe how muscles in the iris help the person to see clearly when moving from a dimly-lit area to a brightly-lit area. [2 marks] 10 *10* IB/M/Jun23/8461/2H Do not write outside the box 0 2 . 6 It is important to be able to react quickly. Many people think that drinking coffee decreases reaction time. Plan an investigation to test the effect of drinking coffee on reaction time. You should include: • the test for reaction time that you would use • how to make the investigation valid. [4 marks] 10 11 *11* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun23/8461/2H Do not write outside the Turn over for the next question box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED 12 *12* IB/M/Jun23/8461/2H Do not write outside the box 0 3 Reproduction can produce offspring which are: • genetically different or • genetically identical. Farmers grow tomato plants in greenhouses. The tomatoes are sold in supermarke