223 FINAL EXAM
223 Final Exam, Questions Containing
233 Terms with Solutions / Already
Graded A+ 2024.
Define the four phases of pharmacokinetics. - Answer: absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
step 1: absorption - Answer: movement of drug into the blood
depends on: rate of dissolution, lipid solubility, pH, blood flow
step 2: distribution - Answer: movement from blood to site of action
, 223 FINAL EXAM
NEED PROTEINS TO COLLECT DRUG AND DROP OFF
(not enough albumin can cause toxicity)
depends on: permeability at destination, circulation
step 3: metabolism - Answer: change in structure of the drug
depends on: liver function, liver to duodenum via bile duct, absorbed from
intestines and back to liver for another processing
step 4: excretion - Answer: movement out of the body
main organ: kidney
renal function tests: BUN 5-25
creatinine .5-1.3?
define hepatic first pass - Answer: some drugs are metabolized more completely
first time through liver
liver function test: albumin 3.5-5
total protein 6.4-8.3
transaminases ALT 4-36
, 223 FINAL EXAM
define drug half life, and calculate it - Answer: time required for amount of drug in
body to metabolize/decrease by half
highest level= peak
lowest level= trough
decrease fluctuation: continuous infusion or reduce dosing interval
narrow vs broad therapeutic range - Answer: narrow=difficult to give, need exact
amount or it can be poisonous or not work
broad= given when we don't know exactly what's wrong yet, given with ease does
not have to be an exact amount
describe the inflammatory process - Answer: 1) sends enzymes which degrade the
blood vessels and causes them to leak
2) platelets and everything are sent to site of injury
3) SNS comes into play if response is still uncontrolled
- SNS causes vasoconstriction (tighten and BP rises)
stress response hormones that are released - Answer: adrenaline, cortisol,
histamine
, 223 FINAL EXAM
histamine release causes - Answer: swelling in the tissue
swelling in the trachea
blood in circulation-fluid leaks out
BP decreases and increases based on how much leaky fluid is built up in the
tissues
what does the liver and kidney do with drugs - Answer: liver=metabolize
kidney=metabolize and excrete
systematic vs localized infection - Answer: localized= infection in one spot
(swelling, red, oozing)
systemic= infection spread causing fever drowsiness chills
define being colonized with an infection - Answer: establishing a presence
- no symptoms, not sick, no treatment
-watch and wait
mediators released during inflammatory and stress response - Answer: histamine
and serotonin
223 Final Exam, Questions Containing
233 Terms with Solutions / Already
Graded A+ 2024.
Define the four phases of pharmacokinetics. - Answer: absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
step 1: absorption - Answer: movement of drug into the blood
depends on: rate of dissolution, lipid solubility, pH, blood flow
step 2: distribution - Answer: movement from blood to site of action
, 223 FINAL EXAM
NEED PROTEINS TO COLLECT DRUG AND DROP OFF
(not enough albumin can cause toxicity)
depends on: permeability at destination, circulation
step 3: metabolism - Answer: change in structure of the drug
depends on: liver function, liver to duodenum via bile duct, absorbed from
intestines and back to liver for another processing
step 4: excretion - Answer: movement out of the body
main organ: kidney
renal function tests: BUN 5-25
creatinine .5-1.3?
define hepatic first pass - Answer: some drugs are metabolized more completely
first time through liver
liver function test: albumin 3.5-5
total protein 6.4-8.3
transaminases ALT 4-36
, 223 FINAL EXAM
define drug half life, and calculate it - Answer: time required for amount of drug in
body to metabolize/decrease by half
highest level= peak
lowest level= trough
decrease fluctuation: continuous infusion or reduce dosing interval
narrow vs broad therapeutic range - Answer: narrow=difficult to give, need exact
amount or it can be poisonous or not work
broad= given when we don't know exactly what's wrong yet, given with ease does
not have to be an exact amount
describe the inflammatory process - Answer: 1) sends enzymes which degrade the
blood vessels and causes them to leak
2) platelets and everything are sent to site of injury
3) SNS comes into play if response is still uncontrolled
- SNS causes vasoconstriction (tighten and BP rises)
stress response hormones that are released - Answer: adrenaline, cortisol,
histamine
, 223 FINAL EXAM
histamine release causes - Answer: swelling in the tissue
swelling in the trachea
blood in circulation-fluid leaks out
BP decreases and increases based on how much leaky fluid is built up in the
tissues
what does the liver and kidney do with drugs - Answer: liver=metabolize
kidney=metabolize and excrete
systematic vs localized infection - Answer: localized= infection in one spot
(swelling, red, oozing)
systemic= infection spread causing fever drowsiness chills
define being colonized with an infection - Answer: establishing a presence
- no symptoms, not sick, no treatment
-watch and wait
mediators released during inflammatory and stress response - Answer: histamine
and serotonin
