NUR 2214 Nursing Care of Older Adult Module 2 Theories and Terms, Question well explained 2024.

What do the biological theories of aging do? AnswersHelp nurses understand older adult changes, behaviors, and to recognize problems and provide interventions over time. Not just one theories explains it, must be supported with evidence over time. What is the free radical theory? AnswersThe idea that molecules that are harmful to the human body that are unstable move around the body, causing harm to living cells. This can disrupt metabolism and cell processes, leading to disease. How does the free radical theory work? AnswersDuring normal cell molecule formation, electrons are shared with each other, but from aging or damage to cell DNA from over exposure to radiation and pollution, the molecule splits and does not pair with an electron, causing a free radical to be formed and that can harm cells. What types of diseases does the free radical theory propose when these cells travel in the body with aging? Answerscancers, diabetes, arthritis, atherosclerosis What can be taken to neutralize free radicals? Answersantioxidants- in the form of food, vitamins. they help to donate electrons from stale atoms What is the cross linkage theory? Answerswhen free radicals interact or connect with cell molecules and connective tissue that causes tissues to be damaged and unable be repaired. when it is damaged, this can lead to disease and function problems in older adults What is connective tissue? Answersmatrix that provides support, binds tissues in the body such as organs, muscles, bones and joints, adipose tissues, cartilage, blood and lymph. What happens when free radical cells destroy connective tissue in older adults? AnswersDiseases and functional issues What interventions can the nurse do to limit free radical spread and promote health with cross linkage theory? Answerssmoking cessation, sun exposure, UV light exposure, diet management What is the biological clock theory? AnswersThe idea that we as humans have a predetermined number of cell divisions that will occur during our lifetime, and that each one is a tick of a clock. these are genetically predetermined and as older adults, these cell divisions are slowed down, so more cell loss is perceived Why are cell divisions important to aging? Answersthey are important for replication and repair and without this, efficiency is lost and aging occurs What is unique about the biological clock theory as it pertains to humans? Answersnot all humans have the same number of cell divisions or ticks and timers since some age faster or than others due to genetics, stressors and exposures What is the wear and tear theory? Answersthe idea that the body is similar to a machine; with older adults, as they age, their tissues and organs wear down after consistent use to maintain bodily function. What is the wear and tear theory caused by that contributes to aging? Answersexternal and internal damages to the body from stressors, exposures, diet, weight, lifestyle, environment can lead to faster aging on the body that can damage hormones, DNA, ligaments, muscles, structure, etc. What is the natural aspect when it comes to the wear and tear theory? Answersthat peoples bodies have a natural tendency when aging that its cells, tissues and organs will not function at full capacity like it once did What types of nursing interventions can nurses do with the wear and tear theory? Answersmaintain appropriate health practices and healthily lifestyle to reduce strain on ones structural aging What is the immunologic theory? Answersas one ages, so does the immune system, causing natural decline of the immune system, leading to the body being more susceptible to infections, disease, and illness What are key components associated with the immunologic theory? Answerstonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, appendix, help the body maintain immunological function, and when the body is aged, these organs cannot function or filter out harmful disease What is the activity theory? Answersthe idea that activity is important in maintaining emotional health, independence, and functionality of the older adult. Activity is needed to keep from isolation from society, engagement, life satisfaction and connectedness What are some nursing interventions for the activity theory and the older adult? Answersthe nurse can encourage and assist the older adult to plan realistic activities ad promote interaction with their support system. What are some benefits for older adults with the activity theory? Answerslower risk at diseases like arthritis and cancer, better emotional and physical well being What is the continuity theory? Answersthat individuals retain their same values, beliefs, and behaviors throughout life. old age is not seen as operate from normal life What interventions should we do as the nurse to promote the continuity theory? Answersallow the older adult to have independence and control over their lifestyle and routines and to maintain them as well as hobbies and habits, provide ways to give older adults access to things they are passionate about What is the age stratification theory? Answersthe idea that older adults are key elementals of society and they interact with it in a hierarchal way. What is one risk that come with the age stratification theory? Answersthat it can extend to systems of inequalities that younger age is more desirable and stereotyping and discrimination based on age. What are nursing interventions that come with the age stratification theory? Answersadvocation of older clients with stereotyping and discrimination and negative perceptions What is the person environment fit theory? Answersproposes that older adult characteristics or levels of competencies are interrelated with those of societies. Ex: society begins to use smart phones for communication and so do the older adults. This allows for older adults to remain active in society