Test Bank Polit & Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research 4th Edition Woo

Test Bank Polit & Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research 4th Edition WooContents Chapter 1. Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment ............ 1 Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Evidence-Based Nursing Practice ..................................................... 9 Chapter 3. Key Concepts and Steps in Quantitative and Qualitative Research ............................ 16 Chapter 4. Reading and Critiquing Research Articles ................................................................. 23 Chapter 5. Ethics in Research ..................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 6. Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses ........................................ 38 Chapter 7. Finding and Reviewing Research Evidence in the Literature ..................................... 46 Chapter 8. Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks .................................................................. 51 Chapter 9. Quantitative Research Design ................................................................................... 57 Chapter 10. Sampling and Data Collection in Quantitative Studies ............................................ 65 Chapter 11. Qualitative Designs and Approaches ....................................................................... 74 Chapter 12. Sampling and Data Collection in Qualitative Studies .............................................. 82 Chapter 13. Mixed Methods and Other Special Types of Research ............................................ 89 Chapter 14. Statistical Analysis of Quantitative Data .................................................................. 97 Chapter 15. Interpretation and Clinical Significance in Quantitative Research ........................... 105 Chapter 16. Analysis of Qualitative Data................................................................................... 110 Chapter 17. Trustworthiness and Integrity in Qualitative Research ........................................... 116 Chapter 18. Systematic Reviews: Meta-Analysis and Metasynthesis ........................................... 124 Chapter 1. Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment 1. A) B) C) D) What is the highest priority for the importance of research in the nursing profession? Research findings provide evidence for informing nurses' decisions and actions. Conduct research to better understand the context of nursing practice. Document the role that nurses serve in society. Establish nursing research areas of study. 1 | P a g e2. A) B) C) D) 3. A) B) C) D) 4. A) B) C) D) Which group would be best served by clinical nursing research? Nursing administrators Practicing nurses Nurses' clients Healthcare policymakers In the United States, in what area does research play an important role in nursing? Chronic illness Credentialing and status Nurses' personalities Nurses' education What is the role of a consumer of nursing research? Read research reports for relevant findings. Participate in generating evidence by doing research. Participate in journal club in a practice setting. Solve clinical problems and make clinical decisions. 5. What was the concern of most nursing studies in the early 1900s? 2 | P a g eA) B) C) D) Client satisfaction Clinical problems Health promotion Nursing education 6. A) B) C) D) Which topic most closely conforms to the priorities that have been suggested for future nursing research? Attitudes of nursing students toward smoking. Promotion of excellence in nursing science. Nursing staff morale and turnover. Number of doctorate prepared nurses in various clinical specialties. 7. What is the process of deductive reasoning? A) B) C) D) Verifying assumptions that are part of our heritage. Developing specific predictions from general principles. Empirically testing observations that are made known through our senses. Forming generalizations from specific observations. 8. A) B) C) D) What is the ontological assumption of those espousing a naturalistic paradigm? Objective reality and those natural phenomena are regular and orderly. Phenomena are not haphazard and result from prior causes. Reality is multiply constructed and multiply interpreted by humans. Reality is not fixed, but is rather a construction of human minds. 9. A) 3 | P a g e What is the epistemological assumption of those espousing a positivist paradigm? The researcher is objective and independent of those being studied.B) Phenomena are not haphazard, but rather have antecedent causes. 4 | P a g eC) The researcher instructs those being studied to be objective in providing information. D) Reality is not fixed, but is rather a construction of human minds. 10. A) B) C) D) Which is not a characteristic of traditional scientific method? Control over external factors. Systematic measurement and observation of natural phenomena. Deductive reasoning. Emphasis on a holistic view of a phenomenon, studied in a rich context. 11. What is empiricism? A) B) C) D) Making generalizations from specific observations. Deducing specific predictions from generalizations. Gathering evidence rooted in reality. Verifying the assumptions on which the study was based. A) B) C) D) 12. What is a hallmark of the scientific method? Infallible Holistic Systematic Flexible 13. A) B) C) D) Which of the following limits the power of the scientific method to answer questions about human life? The necessity of departing from traditional beliefs. The difficulty of accurately measuring complex human traits. The inability to control potential biases. The shortage of theories about human behavior. 5 | P a g eA) B) C) D) 14. What is a criticism of the scientific method? Deductive Deterministic Empirical Reductionist 15. A) B) C) D) What is involved in naturalistic qualitative research? Involves deductive processes Takes places in the field. Focuses on the idiosyncrasies of those being studied. Attempts to control the research context to better understand the phenomenon being studied. 16. A) B) C) D) A researcher wants to investigate the effect of patients' body position on blood pressure. This is an example of what type of study? Qualitative Constructivist inquiry Quantitative Researcher preference of either quantitative or qualitative 17. A) B) C) D) A researcher is studying the effect of massage on the alleviation of pain in cancer patients. This is an example of what type of study? Descriptive Exploratory Applied Basic 18. A) B) 6 | P a g e A researcher wants to study the process by which people make decisions about seeking treatment for infertility. What is the researcher's paradigmatic orientation? Positivism DeterminismC) D) Empiricism Naturalism 19. A) B) C) D) What is the continuum of participation on research? Academics to practitioners Consumers to producers Journalists to educators Mentors to novice nurses 20. What is the goal of explanatory research? A) Understand the underpinnings of natural phenomena and to explain systematic relationships among them. B) Begins with the phenomenon of interest, but rather than simply observing and describing it, exploratory research investigates the full nature of the phenomenon, the manner in which it is manifested, and the other factors to which it is related. C) D) Study phenomena about which little is known. Make predictions and to control phenomena based on research findings. Answer Key 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. C 13. B 7 | P a g e14. D 15. B 16. B 17. C 8 | P a g e18. D 19. B 20. A Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Evidence-Based Nursing Practice 1. Research utilization begins with empirical findings for consideration in practice settings. Where does evidence-based practice begin? A) B) C) D) Integration of clinical judgments with research evidence A desire to abandon decisions based on custom and authority opinion A search for the best possible information for addressing a clinical problem A critique of existing practices A) B) C) D) 2. What is indirect research utilization? Involves changes in nurses' thinking Involves the direct use of findings in giving patient care Involves use of findings to persuade others Involves changes in patient thinking toward nurses 3. A) B) C) D) The student nurse is constructing a presentation on evidence-based practice. Which statement should be included in the introduction about evidence-based practice? Conscientious integration of current best evidence with clinical expertise Utilization of nursing preferences in making clinical decisions Theoretical problem-solving strategy Emphasis on decision making based on custom 4. A) 9 | P a g e Evidence-based practice typically involves weighing various types of evidence in an effort to determine best evidence. Most evidence hierarchies put which systematic review at the pinnacle? Randomized controlled trialsB) C) D) Program evaluations Clinical practice guidelines Meta-analyses of multiple clinical trials 5. A) B) C) D) The terms research utilization and evidence- based practice are sometimes used synonymously. The two concepts are distinct. Where does research utilization start? Uses findings of a study that are related to the previous research of the topic. Emphasis is on translating historical knowledge into real-world applications. Use of a set of studies in a practical application unrelated to the original research. Critique of existing practical applications unrelated to historical research. 6. A) B) C) D) Which activity will limit researchers to improve the prospect for evidence-based practice and research utilization? Conducting high-quality, methodologically sound studies Disseminating results to a broad audience Providing periodical available supports during regular work hours Discussing the clinical implications of their study results in their research reports 7. A) B) C) D) 10 | P a g e Which is not a major barrier to evidence- based practice in nursing? The fact that many clinical nurses are not academically prepared to critically evaluate nursing research studies The support of organizations that reward nurses who engage in research utilization efforts The low number of replication of nursing studies that show promise for utilization The absence of quality, clinically relevant nursing studies8. evidence-based practice. What are care bundles? A) B) C) D) Rigorous integrations of research evidence from multiple studies of a topic Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines that combine a synthesis and appraisal of research evidence Set of interventions to treat or prevent a cluster of symptoms Meta-analysis or quantitative methods that integrate findings statistically 9. A) B) C) D) There are several resources to support evidence-based practice. What is metasynthesis? Qualitative, narrative approach to integration of a study Quantitative method that integrate findings statistically Synthesis and appraisal of research evidence with specific recommendations Set of interventions to treat or prevent a cluster of symptoms 10. A) B) C) D) Several models of evidence-based practice have been developed. Which model focuses on the use of research from the perspective of individual clinicians? ARCC Model Clinical Nurse Scholar Model Iowa Model Stetler Model 11. A) B) C) D) 11 | P a g e A RN is putting research into practice. What step of the process is involved with the validity of study findings? Framing an answerable clinical question Searching for relevant research evidence Appraising the evidence Integrating evidence with other factors12. A) B) C) D) A student nurse is trying to find out what a mixed methods synthesis is. What is a mixed methods synthesis? Integrate and synthesize both quantitative and qualitative evidence. Integrate quantitative evidence. Integrate and synthesize qualitative evidence. Integrate qualitative evidence. 13. A) B) C) D) Systematic reviews are published in professional journals. Which database contains thousands of systematic reviews related to healthcare interventions? Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Campbell Collaboration Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Joanna Briggs Institute 14. A) B) C) D) Clinical practice guidelines distill a large body of evidence into a manageable form. Which describes clinical practice guidelines? Give general recommendations for evidence- based decision making. Address all of the issues relevant to a clinical decision. Guide clinical practice when there are a number of published articles. Completed by researchers. 15. A) B) C) D) Which reference is a comprehensive reference resource that provides an array of clinical information for nurses, including evidence- based care sheets, best practice guidelines, and point-of-care drug information? Clinical Evidence Evidence-based Nursing Worldviews on Evidence Based Nursing Nursing Reference Center 12 | P a g e16. Evidence-based practice writers distinguish between background and foreground questions. What is a background question? 13 | P a g eA) B) Based on current best research evidence. Specific, detailed questions about a clinical problem. C) D) General, foundational questions about a clinical issue. Questions located on websites. 17. A) B) C) D) Fineout-Overholt and Johnston recommended a 5-component scheme for formulating evidence-based practice questions, using the acronym PICOT as a guide. Which two components are not always needed in this model? P and C I and O C and T P and O 18. A) B) C) D) 19. A) B) C) D) A nurse is putting research into practice. What is the first step that should be considered in the process? Framing an answerable clinical question Searching for relevant research evidence Appraising and synthesizing the evidence Integrating evidence with other factors Which occurs with individual evidence-based practice efforts? Tend to be less formalized approach than organizational evidence-based practice. Must take organizational factors into account. Must take interpersonal factors into account. Triggers for an individual project include pressing clinical problems. 20. A) 14 | P a g e Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Instrument consists of ratings of quality on what type of scale? 4-point scaleB) C) 5-point scale 6-point scale 15 | P a g eD) 7-point scale Answer Key 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. A Chapter 3. Key Concepts and Steps in Quantitative and Qualitative Research 1. A pediatric RN undertakes a study of the effect of low birth weight on infants' cognitive development. A developmental psychologist collaborates on the study. A second RN helps by recruiting families into the study. A graduate student is asked to give statistical advice in analyzing the data. This is an example of what type of study? A) B) C) D) 16 | P a g e Multisite research Qualitative research Funded research Collaborative research2. Which term is not used by qualitative researchers to refer to people who participate in a study? 17 | P a g eA) B) C) D) Informants Key informants Study participants Subjects 3. A) B) C) D) Which term is used by both qualitative and quantitative researchers to refer to the abstractions under study? Concept Construct Phenomenon Variable 4. A) B) C) D) The RN is reading a research article. The article talks about constructs. Which would most likely be called a construct? Gender Body temperature Uncertainty in illness Blood type 5. A) B) C) D)