Test Bank Polit & Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research 4th Edition Woo

Test Bank Polit & Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research 4th Edition WooContents Chapter 1. Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment .............................. 1 Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Evidence-Based Nursing Practice ................................................................................. 7 Chapter 3. Key Concepts and Steps in Quantitative and Qualitative Research ..................................................... 12 Chapter 4. Reading and Critiquing Research Articles ................................................................................................. 18 Chapter 5. Ethics in Research ......................................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 6. Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses ................................................................... 29 Chapter 7. Finding and Reviewing Research Evidence in the Literature ............................................................... 35 Chapter 8. Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks ................................................................................................. 40 Chapter 9. Quantitative Research Design ..................................................................................................................... 45 Chapter 10. Sampling and Data Collection in Quantitative Studies ......................................................................... 50 Chapter 11. Qualitative Designs and Approaches ....................................................................................................... 56 Chapter 12. Sampling and Data Collection in Qualitative Studies ........................................................................... 61 Chapter 13. Mixed Methods and Other Special Types of Research ........................................................................ 66 Chapter 14. Statistical Analysis of Quantitative Data.................................................................................................. 71 Chapter 15. Interpretation and Clinical Significance in Quantitative Research ..................................................... 78 Chapter 16. Analysis of Qualitative Data ...................................................................................................................... 83 Chapter 17. Trustworthiness and Integrity in Qualitative Research ........................................................................ 88 Chapter 18. Systematic Reviews: Meta-Analysis and Metasynthesis ........................................................................ 94 Chapter 1. Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment 1. A) B) C) D) 2. A) B) 1 | P a g e What is the highest priority for the importance of research in the nursing profession? Research findings provide evidence for informing nurses' decisions and actions. Conduct research to better understand the context of nursing practice. Document the role that nurses serve in society. Establish nursing research areas of study. Which group would be best served by clinical nursing research? Nursing administrators Practicing nursesC) D) Nurses' clients Healthcare policymakers 3. A) B) C) D) 4. A) B) C) D) In the United States, in what area does research play an important role in nursing? Chronic illness Credentialing and status Nurses' personalities Nurses' education What is the role of a consumer of nursing research? Read research reports for relevant findings. Participate in generating evidence by doing research. Participate in journal club in a practice setting. Solve clinical problems and make clinical decisions. 5. What was the concern of most nursing studies in the early 1900s? 2 | P a g eA) B) C) D) Client satisfaction Clinical problems Health promotion Nursing education 6. A) B) C) D) Which topic most closely conforms to the priorities that have been suggested for future nursing research? Attitudes of nursing students toward smoking. Promotion of excellence in nursing science. Nursing staff morale and turnover. Number of doctorate prepared nurses in various clinical specialties. 7. What is the process of deductive reasoning? A) B) C) D) Verifying assumptions that are part of our heritage. Developing specific predictions from general principles. Empirically testing observations that are made known through our senses. Forming generalizations from specific observations. 8. A) B) C) D) What is the ontological assumption of those espousing a naturalistic paradigm? Objective reality and those natural phenomena are regular and orderly. Phenomena are not haphazard and result from prior causes. Reality is multiply constructed and multiply interpreted by humans. Reality is not fixed, but is rather a construction of human minds. 9. A) B) 3 | P a g e What is the epistemological assumption of those espousing a positivist paradigm? The researcher is objective and independent of those being studied. Phenomena are not haphazard, but rather have antecedent causes.C) The researcher instructs those being studied to be objective in providing information. D) Reality is not fixed, but is rather a construction of human minds. 10. A) B) C) D) Which is not a characteristic of traditional scientific method? Control over external factors. Systematic measurement and observation of natural phenomena. Deductive reasoning. Emphasis on a holistic view of a phenomenon, studied in a rich context. 11. What is empiricism? A) B) C) D) Making generalizations from specific observations. Deducing specific predictions from generalizations. Gathering evidence rooted in reality. Verifying the assumptions on which the study was based. A) B) C) D) 12. What is a hallmark of the scientific method? Infallible Holistic Systematic Flexible 13. A) B) C) D) Which of the following limits the power of the scientific method to answer questions about human life? The necessity of departing from traditional beliefs. The difficulty of accurately measuring complex human traits. The inability to control potential biases. The shortage of theories about human behavior. 4 | P a g eA) B) C) D) 14. What is a criticism of the scientific method? Deductive Deterministic Empirical Reductionist 15. A) B) C) D) What is involved in naturalistic qualitative research? Involves deductive processes Takes places in the field. Focuses on the idiosyncrasies of those being studied. Attempts to control the research context to better understand the phenomenon being studied. 16. A) B) C) D) A researcher wants to investigate the effect of patients' body position on blood pressure. This is an example of what type of study? Qualitative Constructivist inquiry Quantitative Researcher preference of either quantitative or qualitative 17. A) B) C) D) A researcher is studying the effect of massage on the alleviation of pain in cancer patients. This is an example of what type of study? Descriptive Exploratory Applied Basic 18. A) B) C) D) 5 | P a g e A researcher wants to study the process by which people make decisions about seeking treatment for infertility. What is the researcher's paradigmatic orientation? Positivism Determinism Empiricism Naturalism19. A) B) C) D) What is the continuum of participation on research? Academics to practitioners Consumers to producers Journalists to educators Mentors to novice nurses 20. What is the goal of explanatory research? A) Understand the underpinnings of natural phenomena and to explain systematic relationships among them. B) C) D) Begins with the phenomenon of interest, but rather than simply observing and describing it, exploratory research investigates the full nature of the phenomenon, the manner in which it is manifested, and the other factors to which it is related. Study phenomena about which little is known. Make predictions and to control phenomena based on research findings. Answer Key 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. C 6 | P a g e18. D 19. B 20. A Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Evidence-Based Nursing Practice 1. Research utilization begins with empirical findings for consideration in practice settings. Where does evidence-based practice begin? A) B) C) D) Integration of clinical judgments with research evidence A desire to abandon decisions based on custom and authority opinion A search for the best possible information for addressing a clinical problem A critique of existing practices A) B) C) D) 2. What is indirect research utilization? Involves changes in nurses' thinking Involves the direct use of findings in giving patient care Involves use of findings to persuade others Involves changes in patient thinking toward nurses 3. A) B) C) D) The student nurse is constructing a presentation on evidence-based practice. Which statement should be included in the introduction about evidence-based practice? Conscientious integration of current best evidence with clinical expertise Utilization of nursing preferences in making clinical decisions Theoretical problem-solving strategy Emphasis on decision making based on custom 4. A) 7 | P a g e Evidence-based practice typically involves weighing various types of evidence in an effort to determine best evidence. Most evidence hierarchies put which systematic review at the pinnacle? Randomized controlled trialsB) C) D) Program evaluations Clinical practice guidelines Meta-analyses of multiple clinical trials The terms research utilization and evidence- based 5. A) B) C) D) practice are sometimes used synonymously. The two concepts are distinct. Where does research utilization start? Uses findings of a study that are related to the previous research of the topic. Emphasis is on translating historical knowledge into real-world applications. Use of a set of studies in a practical application unrelated to the original research. Critique of existing practical applications unrelated to historical research. 6. A) B) C) D) Which activity will limit researchers to improve the prospect for evidence-based practice and research utilization? Conducting high-quality, methodologically sound studies Disseminating results to a broad audience Providing periodical available supports during regular work hours Discussing the clinical implications of their study results in their research reports 7. A) B) C) D) Which is not a major barrier to evidence- based practice in nursing? The fact that many clinical nurses are not academically prepared to critically evaluate nursing research studies The support of organizations that reward nurses who engage in research utilization efforts The low number of replication of nursing studies that show promise for utilization The absence of quality, clinically relevant nursing studies 8 | P a g e8. evidence-based practice. What are care bundles? A) B) C) D) Rigorous integrations of research evidence from multiple studies of a topic Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines that combine a synthesis and appraisal of research evidence Set