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IB Psychology Extended Essay - To what extent can police misconduct be caused by peer influence in police organizations?

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This document is my IB Psychology Extended Essay which I got an A on. This EE investigates the extent to which police misconduct in police organizations is caused by peer influence.

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  • 17 de mayo de 2023
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Rotten apples and the barrel

Research Question: To what extent can police misconduct be caused
by peer influence in police organizations?

Subject: Psychology




Word Count: 3888 words

, 2


Table of Contents

Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3

Social transmission of deviance .................................................................................................. 4

Characteristics of police peer groups .......................................................................................... 5

Evidence regarding peer influence on police misconduct........................................................... 6

Akers’ Social Learning Theory ................................................................................................... 9

Evidence regarding Akers’ Social Learning Theory and police misconduct ............................ 10

Methodological Issues............................................................................................................... 13

Evaluation.................................................................................................................................. 14

Conclusion................................................................................................................................. 15

Works Cited............................................................................................................................... 17

, 3


Introduction

In 2019, Indian police officers forcefully entered a Delhi college and attacked students

for protesting the Citizenship Amendment Bill, injuring around 200 people. The Hong Kong

police force, formerly known as "Asia's Finest" (Sinclair), has been accused of excessive

violence, sexual assault of detainees, and falsification of evidence following the pro-democracy

movements of the 2010s. American citizens are pressing for nationwide police reform due to the

disproportionate killings of African Americans by police officers in the US in recent years, such

as the recent murders of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor in 2020. Many such prominent

incidents demonstrating police abuse of authority in today’s society have sparked debates about

the integrity of police organizations that are supposed to serve as gatekeepers of the justice

system, built to protect the public and preserve law and order within societies.


Including the harm inflicted on the public that they are sworn to protect, police

misconduct can also lead to huge political and economic losses (Mauro). It is one of the biggest

barriers preventing progress in modern societies today and can significantly deteriorate public

trust in law and order due to the very nature of the institution – police organizations are built to

serve as protectors of the law and are a symbol of legitimate governmental authority (Ivkovic).

Police misconduct can be defined as any “inappropriate behavior on the part of any police officer

that violates police policy, morality, or/and the law, and may also entail some type of personal

benefit for the police officer involved” (Papazoglou), and can take on many forms such as

bribery, opportunistic theft, buying and selling of drugs, unwarranted brutality, protection of

illegal activities, insubordination and neglect of duty (Chappell & Piquero).


From the psychological perspective, it is often attempted to explain police misconduct

through the proverbial ‘rotten apple’ theory; an individualistic approach claiming that only select

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