COMMUNITY BASED
WERKEN IN
INTERNATIONAAL
PERSPECTIEF
Samenvatting semester 2
Bachelor in de Orthopedagogie
2022-2023
Femke Peeters
,Inhoud
1. TRANSCULTURALITEIT
Inleiding..................................................................................................................................................8
Maatschappelijke context......................................................................................................................8
Migratie..............................................................................................................................................8
Mondialisering....................................................................................................................................9
Superdiversiteit................................................................................................................................10
Kruispuntdenken / intersectionaliteit...............................................................................................10
Implicaties voor de hulpverlening........................................................................................................11
Cultuur..................................................................................................................................................12
Cohesie-model..................................................................................................................................12
Cultuur..............................................................................................................................................13
Naar transculturele/cultuur-sensitieve ondersteuning........................................................................14
Intergerelateerde componenten......................................................................................................16
A) Affectief – sensitiviteit..............................................................................................................17
B) Gedragsmatig – bekwaamheid.................................................................................................17
C) Cognitief – bewustzijn..............................................................................................................18
Hulp verlenen = handelen in socio-culturele context.......................................................................18
‘Self-awereness’, ‘other-awareness’ en ‘situational awareness’......................................................19
Meerlagig transculturaliseringsproces in de hulpverlening..............................................................19
Doelstellingen.......................................................................................................................................20
Inleiding................................................................................................................................................21
Vermaatschappelijking is hot................................................................................................................21
Een sociohistorische benadering – Steynaert (2014)............................................................................21
Eerste variant – verzorgingsstaat......................................................................................................22
Tweede variant – kritiek op residentiële zorg...................................................................................22
Derde variant – normalisatieprincipe...............................................................................................23
Vierde variant – veronderstelde ineffectiviteit.................................................................................24
Veranderde positie binnen GGZ.......................................................................................................24
Nieuw begrip of historische constante?...........................................................................................25
Vermaatschappelijking in de huidige beleidscontext...........................................................................25
Een verhaal in verschillende sectoren..............................................................................................26
Centraal in de huidige beleidscontext..............................................................................................27
1
, Lexicon der vermaatschappelijking...................................................................................................28
Positieve en negatieve lezing – Hermans..........................................................................................28
Positieve aspecten, aandachtspunten en randvoorwaarden................................................................29
Positieve aspecten............................................................................................................................29
Aandachtspunten.............................................................................................................................30
Randvoorwaarden............................................................................................................................30
Doelstellingen.......................................................................................................................................31
Inleiding................................................................................................................................................32
Enkele definities...................................................................................................................................32
Wat is het belang van ervaringskennis, -deskundigheid en -werk?......................................................33
Historische ontwikkeling naar ervaringsdeskundigheid....................................................................34
Concrete ondersteuning bieden...................................................................................................34
Kritiek op professionele hulpverlening.........................................................................................34
Erkennen van burgerschap in MKL en maatschappelijke verandering.........................................34
Drie logica’s als complementaire processen.................................................................................34
Wat is ervaringskennis?........................................................................................................................35
Maatschappelijke kwetsbaarheid.....................................................................................................36
Kansarmoede en sociale uitsluiting..............................................................................................36
Van ervaring naar ervaringskennis...................................................................................................36
De positie van ervaringskennis.........................................................................................................38
Drie benaderingen van ervaringskennis...........................................................................................38
Valkuilen en hindernissen in ervaringskennis...................................................................................39
Wat is ervaringsdeskundigheid?...........................................................................................................39
Wat is ervaringswerk?..........................................................................................................................40
Spanningsveld.......................................................................................................................................40
Concreet...............................................................................................................................................41
Doelstellingen.......................................................................................................................................42
Artikel – buurtgerichte zorg..................................................................................................................43
Artikel – het kleine helpen....................................................................................................................44
Beeldvorming van de personen in kwetsbare situaties........................................................................46
Project ‘Maatschappelijke kwetsbaarheid in beeld’.........................................................................46
Beeldvorming over anderen.............................................................................................................47
Representaties - Stuart Hall..............................................................................................................47
Burgerschap..........................................................................................................................................47
2
, Jaren ’90 vorige eeuw.......................................................................................................................48
Burgerrechten en -plichten...............................................................................................................48
Gangbare burgerschapsconcepties...................................................................................................48
Basis voor exclusie / marginalisering................................................................................................49
Verbijzondering van zorg en afhankelijkheid....................................................................................49
Arbeidsethos.................................................................................................................................50
Joan Tronto...................................................................................................................................50
Vermaatschappelijking en circuits....................................................................................................51
Artikel – betrokken burgers..............................................................................................................52
Community-building.............................................................................................................................53
Componenten van gemeenschapsopbouw......................................................................................54
Kwartiermaken.....................................................................................................................................54
Artikel – kwartiermakers verleggen grenzen van GGZ......................................................................55
Doelstellingen.......................................................................................................................................56
Mantelzorg in beeld..............................................................................................................................57
Oorsprong term................................................................................................................................57
Van privézaak tot publiek thema......................................................................................................58
Erkende mantelzorger......................................................................................................................58
Voorwaarden................................................................................................................................58
Mantelzorgstatuut........................................................................................................................59
Naar nieuwe rolverdelingen.............................................................................................................59
Mantelzorg vs. vrijwilligerswerk.......................................................................................................60
Wie verleent welke mantelzorg?......................................................................................................60
Takenpakket mantelzorger...............................................................................................................61
Triadisch werken: samenwerken in een ‘driehoek’..............................................................................61
Steunparadox...................................................................................................................................61
Triadisch werken..............................................................................................................................62
SOFA-model......................................................................................................................................62
Beleving van mantelzorgers..................................................................................................................63
Positieve zorgbeleving – elementen in balans..................................................................................63
Mantelval – Timmermans.................................................................................................................64
Ervaren zorgbelasting.......................................................................................................................64
Zorgsituatie – stressoren..................................................................................................................64
Relatie met zorgvrager.....................................................................................................................64
3
WERKEN IN
INTERNATIONAAL
PERSPECTIEF
Samenvatting semester 2
Bachelor in de Orthopedagogie
2022-2023
Femke Peeters
,Inhoud
1. TRANSCULTURALITEIT
Inleiding..................................................................................................................................................8
Maatschappelijke context......................................................................................................................8
Migratie..............................................................................................................................................8
Mondialisering....................................................................................................................................9
Superdiversiteit................................................................................................................................10
Kruispuntdenken / intersectionaliteit...............................................................................................10
Implicaties voor de hulpverlening........................................................................................................11
Cultuur..................................................................................................................................................12
Cohesie-model..................................................................................................................................12
Cultuur..............................................................................................................................................13
Naar transculturele/cultuur-sensitieve ondersteuning........................................................................14
Intergerelateerde componenten......................................................................................................16
A) Affectief – sensitiviteit..............................................................................................................17
B) Gedragsmatig – bekwaamheid.................................................................................................17
C) Cognitief – bewustzijn..............................................................................................................18
Hulp verlenen = handelen in socio-culturele context.......................................................................18
‘Self-awereness’, ‘other-awareness’ en ‘situational awareness’......................................................19
Meerlagig transculturaliseringsproces in de hulpverlening..............................................................19
Doelstellingen.......................................................................................................................................20
Inleiding................................................................................................................................................21
Vermaatschappelijking is hot................................................................................................................21
Een sociohistorische benadering – Steynaert (2014)............................................................................21
Eerste variant – verzorgingsstaat......................................................................................................22
Tweede variant – kritiek op residentiële zorg...................................................................................22
Derde variant – normalisatieprincipe...............................................................................................23
Vierde variant – veronderstelde ineffectiviteit.................................................................................24
Veranderde positie binnen GGZ.......................................................................................................24
Nieuw begrip of historische constante?...........................................................................................25
Vermaatschappelijking in de huidige beleidscontext...........................................................................25
Een verhaal in verschillende sectoren..............................................................................................26
Centraal in de huidige beleidscontext..............................................................................................27
1
, Lexicon der vermaatschappelijking...................................................................................................28
Positieve en negatieve lezing – Hermans..........................................................................................28
Positieve aspecten, aandachtspunten en randvoorwaarden................................................................29
Positieve aspecten............................................................................................................................29
Aandachtspunten.............................................................................................................................30
Randvoorwaarden............................................................................................................................30
Doelstellingen.......................................................................................................................................31
Inleiding................................................................................................................................................32
Enkele definities...................................................................................................................................32
Wat is het belang van ervaringskennis, -deskundigheid en -werk?......................................................33
Historische ontwikkeling naar ervaringsdeskundigheid....................................................................34
Concrete ondersteuning bieden...................................................................................................34
Kritiek op professionele hulpverlening.........................................................................................34
Erkennen van burgerschap in MKL en maatschappelijke verandering.........................................34
Drie logica’s als complementaire processen.................................................................................34
Wat is ervaringskennis?........................................................................................................................35
Maatschappelijke kwetsbaarheid.....................................................................................................36
Kansarmoede en sociale uitsluiting..............................................................................................36
Van ervaring naar ervaringskennis...................................................................................................36
De positie van ervaringskennis.........................................................................................................38
Drie benaderingen van ervaringskennis...........................................................................................38
Valkuilen en hindernissen in ervaringskennis...................................................................................39
Wat is ervaringsdeskundigheid?...........................................................................................................39
Wat is ervaringswerk?..........................................................................................................................40
Spanningsveld.......................................................................................................................................40
Concreet...............................................................................................................................................41
Doelstellingen.......................................................................................................................................42
Artikel – buurtgerichte zorg..................................................................................................................43
Artikel – het kleine helpen....................................................................................................................44
Beeldvorming van de personen in kwetsbare situaties........................................................................46
Project ‘Maatschappelijke kwetsbaarheid in beeld’.........................................................................46
Beeldvorming over anderen.............................................................................................................47
Representaties - Stuart Hall..............................................................................................................47
Burgerschap..........................................................................................................................................47
2
, Jaren ’90 vorige eeuw.......................................................................................................................48
Burgerrechten en -plichten...............................................................................................................48
Gangbare burgerschapsconcepties...................................................................................................48
Basis voor exclusie / marginalisering................................................................................................49
Verbijzondering van zorg en afhankelijkheid....................................................................................49
Arbeidsethos.................................................................................................................................50
Joan Tronto...................................................................................................................................50
Vermaatschappelijking en circuits....................................................................................................51
Artikel – betrokken burgers..............................................................................................................52
Community-building.............................................................................................................................53
Componenten van gemeenschapsopbouw......................................................................................54
Kwartiermaken.....................................................................................................................................54
Artikel – kwartiermakers verleggen grenzen van GGZ......................................................................55
Doelstellingen.......................................................................................................................................56
Mantelzorg in beeld..............................................................................................................................57
Oorsprong term................................................................................................................................57
Van privézaak tot publiek thema......................................................................................................58
Erkende mantelzorger......................................................................................................................58
Voorwaarden................................................................................................................................58
Mantelzorgstatuut........................................................................................................................59
Naar nieuwe rolverdelingen.............................................................................................................59
Mantelzorg vs. vrijwilligerswerk.......................................................................................................60
Wie verleent welke mantelzorg?......................................................................................................60
Takenpakket mantelzorger...............................................................................................................61
Triadisch werken: samenwerken in een ‘driehoek’..............................................................................61
Steunparadox...................................................................................................................................61
Triadisch werken..............................................................................................................................62
SOFA-model......................................................................................................................................62
Beleving van mantelzorgers..................................................................................................................63
Positieve zorgbeleving – elementen in balans..................................................................................63
Mantelval – Timmermans.................................................................................................................64
Ervaren zorgbelasting.......................................................................................................................64
Zorgsituatie – stressoren..................................................................................................................64
Relatie met zorgvrager.....................................................................................................................64
3
