1
, PYC4805 EXAM ESSAY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
FORCES THAT DETERMINE THE NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT DURING
ADULTHOOD:
• EXPLAIN HOW THE INTERACTION OF BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL,
SOCIOCULTURAL AND LIFE-CYCLE FORCES SHAPE A PERSON’S
DEVELOPMENT AND THEREFORE COULD EXPLAIN INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES IN DEVELOPMENT DURING ADULTHOOD. (25)
ADULT DEVELOPMENT ENCOMPASSES THE CHANGES WHICH OCCUR IN
BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN LIFE FROM THE END
OF ADOLESCENCE TO THE END OF A PERSON’S LIFE. THE NUMBER OF GREY
HAIR, ABILITY TO MEMORISE AND RECALL NEW INFORMATION AND EVEN
ACTIVITY LEVELS CAN BE DIFFERENT BETWEEN 2 PEOPLE OF THE SAME
AGE.
TO UNDERSTAND WHY ADULTS DIFFER WE ARE REQUIRED TO LOOK AT THE
BASIC FORCES THAT SHAPE US. FROM A DEVELOPMENTAL VIEW THERE ARE
4 INTERACTIVE FORCES, NAMELY, THE BIOLGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL,
SOCIOCULTURAL AND LIFE-CYCLE FORCES.
THESE 4 FORCES INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
BIOLOGICAL FORCES: INCLUDE ALL GENETIC AND HEALTH-RELATED
FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEVELOPMENT. EXAMPLES INCLUDE, MENOPAUSE
AND CHANGES IN THE MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FORCES: INCLUDE ALL INTERNAL PERCEPTUAL, COGNITIVE
EMOTIONAL AND PERSONALITY FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEVELOPMENT. IT
INCLUDES THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS WE NOTICE ABOUT
PEOPLE THAT MAKE THEM INDIVIDUALS.
SOCIOCULTURAL FORCES: INCLUDE INTERPERSONAL, SOCIETAL, CULTURAL
AND ETHNIC FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEVELOPMENT. IT PROVIDES THE
OVERALL CONTEXTS IN WHICH WE DEVELOP.
LIFE-CYCLE FORCES: REFLECT DIFFERENCES IN HOW THE SAME EVENT OR
COMBINATION OF BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL
FORCES AFFECT PEOPLE AT DIFFERENT STAGES IN LIFE. PROVIDES THE
CONTEXT FOR THE DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES OF INTEREST IN ADULT
DEVELOPMENT AND AGING.
A USEFUL WAY TO ORGANISE THE BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
SOCIOCULTURAL FORCES IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IS THE
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL FRAMEWORK. TOGETHER WITH LIFE CYCLE FORCES, THE
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL FRAMEWORK PROVIDES A COMPLETE OVERVIEW OF THE
2
, PYC4805 EXAM ESSAY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
FORCES THAT DETERMINE THE NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT DURING
ADULTHOOD:
• EXPLAIN HOW THE INTERACTION OF BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL,
SOCIOCULTURAL AND LIFE-CYCLE FORCES SHAPE A PERSON’S
DEVELOPMENT AND THEREFORE COULD EXPLAIN INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES IN DEVELOPMENT DURING ADULTHOOD. (25)
ADULT DEVELOPMENT ENCOMPASSES THE CHANGES WHICH OCCUR IN
BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN LIFE FROM THE END
OF ADOLESCENCE TO THE END OF A PERSON’S LIFE. THE NUMBER OF GREY
HAIR, ABILITY TO MEMORISE AND RECALL NEW INFORMATION AND EVEN
ACTIVITY LEVELS CAN BE DIFFERENT BETWEEN 2 PEOPLE OF THE SAME
AGE.
TO UNDERSTAND WHY ADULTS DIFFER WE ARE REQUIRED TO LOOK AT THE
BASIC FORCES THAT SHAPE US. FROM A DEVELOPMENTAL VIEW THERE ARE
4 INTERACTIVE FORCES, NAMELY, THE BIOLGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL,
SOCIOCULTURAL AND LIFE-CYCLE FORCES.
THESE 4 FORCES INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
BIOLOGICAL FORCES: INCLUDE ALL GENETIC AND HEALTH-RELATED
FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEVELOPMENT. EXAMPLES INCLUDE, MENOPAUSE
AND CHANGES IN THE MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FORCES: INCLUDE ALL INTERNAL PERCEPTUAL, COGNITIVE
EMOTIONAL AND PERSONALITY FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEVELOPMENT. IT
INCLUDES THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS WE NOTICE ABOUT
PEOPLE THAT MAKE THEM INDIVIDUALS.
SOCIOCULTURAL FORCES: INCLUDE INTERPERSONAL, SOCIETAL, CULTURAL
AND ETHNIC FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEVELOPMENT. IT PROVIDES THE
OVERALL CONTEXTS IN WHICH WE DEVELOP.
LIFE-CYCLE FORCES: REFLECT DIFFERENCES IN HOW THE SAME EVENT OR
COMBINATION OF BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL
FORCES AFFECT PEOPLE AT DIFFERENT STAGES IN LIFE. PROVIDES THE
CONTEXT FOR THE DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES OF INTEREST IN ADULT
DEVELOPMENT AND AGING.
A USEFUL WAY TO ORGANISE THE BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
SOCIOCULTURAL FORCES IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IS THE
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL FRAMEWORK. TOGETHER WITH LIFE CYCLE FORCES, THE
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL FRAMEWORK PROVIDES A COMPLETE OVERVIEW OF THE
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