AP European History- French Revolution Questions and Answers Graded A+

AP European History- French Revolution Questions and Answers Graded A+ Document Content and Description Below AP European History- French Revolution Questions and Answers Graded A+ The Three Estates The three orders of France: the clergy, the nobility, and everyone else. The First Estate The cl ergy The Second Estate The nobility or the descendants of "those who fought" in the Middle Ages. The Third Estate The commoners of France that consisted of, prosperous merchants and lawyers as well as peasants, rural agricultural workers, urban artist, and unskilled day laborers. The bourgeoisie The comfortable members of the third estate, or upper middle class. Rose up to lead the entire third estate in the revolution. Louis XV The Sun King was succeeded by this five year old great grandson. Under his rule and the young monarchs regent the duke of Orleans the system of absolutist rule was challenged. The Duke of Orleans The regent under Louis XV who gave the Parliament their ancient right to evaluate royal decrees publicly in writing before they were registered and given the force of law. This was a fateful step when citizens protested authority after France went into financial crisis after the wars of The Austrian Succession, the Seven Year's War, and the American Revolution. Rene de Maupeou In 1768, Louis appointed this tough career official as chancellor and ordered him to crush any judicial opposition. He abolished the existing parlements and exiled the vociferous members of the Parlement of Paris to the provinces. He created new and docile parlements of royal officials, and began once again to tax the privileged groups.Madame de Pompadour The daughter of a disgraced bourgeois financier, this mistress of Louis XV broke the pattern of kings maintaining mistresses who were chosen from the court nobility. As the king's famous mistress from 1745 to 1750, she exercised tremendous influence over politics, literature, art, and the decorative arts, using her patronage to support Voltaire and promote the rococo style. Desacralization The process of being stripped of the sacred aura of God's anointed on earth, which caused him to being frequently being reinvented in the popular imagination as a degenerate. Louis XVI The successor of Louis XV this king of France from 1774 to 1792 failure to grant reforms led to the French Revolution; he and his queen (Marie Antoinette) were guillotined (). The Estates General A legislative body in prerevolutionary France made up of representatives of each of the three classes or estates; it was called into session in 1789 for the first time since 1614. The Assembly of Notables This assembly mainly consisted of important noblemen and highranking clergy of France, insisted on a general tax on all landed property as well as to form provincial assemblies to help administer the tax. This assembly was called after France was bankrupt after the American Revolution, but needed the approval of the Estates General. National Assembly The first French revolutionary legislature, made up primilarily of representatives of the third estate and a few from the nobility and clergy, in session from 1789 to 1791. The Great Fear The fear of noble reprisals against peasant uprisings that seized the French countryside and led to further itutional monarchy A form of government in which the king retains his position as head of state, while the authority to tax and make new laws resides in an elected body. Jacobin club A political club in revolutionary France whose members were well-educated radical republicans. second revolution From 1792 to 1795, the second phase of the French Revolution, during which the fall of the French monarchy, introduced a rapid radicalization of politics. Girondists A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793. the Mountain Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical fraction, which seized legislative power in 1793. sans-culottes The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breaches of the aristocracy and middle class; the word came to refer to the militant radicals of the city. Reign of Terror The period from 1793 to 1794 during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of treason and new revolutionary culture was imposed. dechristianization Campaign to eliminate Christian faith and practice in France undertaken by the revolutionary government. thermidorian reaction A reaction to the violence of the Reign of Terror in 1794, resulting in Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.Napoleonic Code (The Civil Code of 1804) This French civil code promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property as well as restricting rights accorded to women by previous revolutionary laws. Grand Empire The empire over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain and Russia. Continental System A blockade imposed by Napoleon to halt all trade between continental Europe and Britain, thereby weakening the British economy and military . Abbe Sieyes Wrote the famous pamphlet "What is the Third Estate?" he argues that the nobility was a tiny overprivileged minority and that the neglected third estate constituted the true strength of the French nation. cahiers de doleances List of grievances, that were presented to the King of France by the various electoral assemblies at the start of the meeting of the Estates General. The Tennis Court Oath On June 20, 1788 the delegates of the third estate, excluded from their hall because of "repairs," moved to a a large tennis court were they swore this famous deceleration. the Bastille On July 13, 1789, the people began to seize arms for the defense of the city, and on July 14 several hundred french people marched to this location to search for weapons and gunpowder. Commune de Paris Formally recognized by Louis XVI after the storming of the Bastille, this new municipal government would come to play a pivotal role in the later stages of the Revolution. (Pearl)Marquis de Lafyette After the storming of the Bastille, Louis XVI agreed to the formation of the National Guard under the leadership of this man who was already known as a champion of liberty because of his involvement with the American Revolution. Also, the author of the Deceleration of the Rights of Man. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Marquis de Lafayette, with the aid of Thomas Jefferson, wrote this document that used the language of the Enlightenment to declare the political sovereignty did not rest in the hands of a monarch but rather in the nation at large. It also stated that all men were to enjoy all rights and responsibilities and w