Chapter 16: Health Problems of School-Age Children and Adolescents Hockenberry: Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 10th Edition

1. Which statement is true about smoking in adolescence? a. Smoking is related to other high-risk behaviors. b. Smoking will not continue unless peer pressure continues. c. Smoking is less common when the adolescent’s parent(s) smokes. d. Smoking among adolescents is becoming more prevalent. ANS: A Cigarettes are considered a gateway drug. Teenagers who smoke are 11.4 times more likely to use an illicit drug. Teenagers begin smoking for a variety of reasons, such as imitation of adult behavior, peer pressure, imitation of behaviors portrayed in movies and advertisements, and a desire to control weight. The absence of peer pressure alone will not stop smoking. Teenagers who do not smoke usually have parents and friends who do not smoke or who oppose smoking. The percentage of young people who report current cigarette use and frequent cigarette use has declined significantly. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 492 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 2. What is smokeless tobacco? a. Not addicting b. Proven to be carcinogenic c. Easy to stop using d. A safe alternative to cigarette smoking ANS: B Smokeless tobacco is a popular substitute for cigarettes and poses serious health hazards to children and adolescents. Smokeless tobacco is associated with cancer of the mouth and jaw. The nicotine in the smokeless tobacco is addicting, and therefore it is very difficult to quit. Because the product is addicting and can cause cancer, it is not a safe alternative to cigarette smoking. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 492 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential 3. A child has been diagnosed with enuresis. TCA imipramine (Tofranil) has been prescribed for the child. The nurse understands that this medication is in which category? a. Antidepressant b. Antidiuretic c. Antispasmodic d. Analgesic ANS: C NURSINGTB.COM WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK NURSINGTB.COM Drug therapy is increasingly being prescribed to treat enuresis. Three types of drugs are used: tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), antidiuretics, and antispasmodics. The selection depends on the interpretation of the cause. The drug used most frequently is the TCA imipramine (Tofranil), which exerts an anticholinergic action in the bladder to inhibit urination. Tofranil is in the antispasmodic category. Analgesics are not used to treat enuresis. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 466 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies 4. A 12-year-old male has short stature because of a constitutional growth delay. What should the nurse be the most concerned about? a. Proper administration of thyroid hormone b. Proper administration of human growth hormones c. Child’s self-esteem and sense of competence d. Helping child understand that his height is most likely caused by chronic illness and is not his fault ANS: C Most cases of constitutional growth delay are caused by simple constitutional delay of puberty, and the child can be assured that normal development will eventually take place. Listening to distressed adolescents and conveying interest and concern are important interventions for these children and adolescents. They should be encouraged to focus on the positive aspects of their bodies and personalities. Thyroid hormones and human growth hormones would not be beneficial in a constitutional growth delay. A constitutional growth delay is not caused by a chronic illness. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 483 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 5. An adolescent asks the nurse what causes primary dysmenorrhea. The nurse’s response should be based on which statement? a. It is an inherited problem. b. Excessive estrogen