TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 13TH EDITION DAVID G. MYERS NATHAN C. DEWALL

TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 13TH EDITION DAVID G. MYERS NATHAN C. DEWALL. The Biology of Mind 3. Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind 4. Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity 5. Developing Through the Life Span 6. Sensation and Perception 7. Learning 8. Memory 9. Thinking and Language 10. Intelligence 11. What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement 12. Emotions, Stress, and Health 13. Social Psychology 14. Personality 15. Psychological Disorders 16. Therapy chapter 1 CHAPTER 1: THINKING CRITICALLY WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. If results are statistically significant but have a small effect size, the results may lack practical significance. lack a cause-effect relationship. represent a negative relationship. represent a neutral relationship. In one study, introductory psychology students were fitted with electronically activated recorders so that researchers could sample their daily activities. The researchers were employing a scientific method known as naturalistic observation. the double-blind procedure. experimentation. the case study. Studies conducted in the late 1990s in which the researcher concluded that children who were administeredthe MMR vaccination developed autism were withheld from the public intentionally. accurate. never published by academic journals. discovered to be fraudulent. Seven members of a boys' club reported the following individual earnings from their sale of cookies: $2, $9, $8, $10, $4, $9, and $7. In this distribution of individual earnings the median is greater than the mean and greater than the mode. the median is less than the mean and less than the mode. the median is greater than the mean and less than the mode. the median is less than the mean and greater than the mode. Professor Valetta believes that identical twins have similar levels of intelligence largely because they sharecommon genes. His idea is best described as a(n) theory. replication. naturalistic observation. operational definition. The idea that "people's emotions and personal beliefs often override their acceptance of objective facts" is expressed in the dictionary definition of false news. post-truth. powerful examples. repetition. Professor Terrance has conducted a study that examined the relationship between level of physical activity and academic performance among children. He is most likely to use to determine if a relationship exists. meta-analysis preregistration a correlation coefficient experimental research The tendency to perceive order in random events often leads to overestimating the value of common sense. operational definitions. informed consent. the double-blind procedure. Dr. Carlson wants to conduct a research study that will examine the sexual behaviors of college students. Before she can begin data collection she must submit her research proposal to her institution's review board. the APA. the BPS. her department chair for review. Approximately what percentage of the cases represented by the normal curve fall between 3 and +3 standard deviations from the mean? 34 68 95 d. 100 Unconscious gut feelings, or , provide(s) a sharp contrast to explicit, conscious reasoning. theory chance-based explanation common sense naturalistic observation The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable assumptions. correlations. predictions. variables. Several weeks after a political election, voters often exaggerate their ability to have predicted the election outcome. This best illustrates Name: Class: Date: chapter 1 the placebo effect. random assignment. wording effects. hindsight bias. Repeating the essence of a previous research study to verify whether its findings extend to a new group of research participants and to different circumstances is called replication. random sampling. naturalistic observation. the double-blind procedure. What was the Oxford English Dictionary's word of the year in 2017? false news preregistration post-truth repetition Neither the researchers nor the participants in a study of a weight-loss pill know which participants have actually received a drug designed to help weight loss and which have received a placebo. This investigation involves the use of naturalistic observation. random sampling. the double-blind procedure. replication. Which of the following correlations between self-esteem and physical appearance would enable you to most accurately predict physical appearance from knowledge of level of self-esteem? a. +.60 b. +.01 c. –.10 d. –.06 When we ask, for example, how closely related are the intelligence scores of fraternal twins, we are asking how strongly two are related. experimental groups control groups variables scatterplots When you read a bar graph, it is most important for you to mentally transform the data into a normal curve. Name: Class: Date: chapter 1 identify the value of the standard deviation. note the range and size of the scale values. identify the correct measure of central tendency. Professor Martinez believes that because attractive people are more sensitive, more successful, and more socially skilled, handsome men will be more successful in getting a job. The professor's prediction regarding employment success is an example of informed consent. the placebo effect. a hypothesis. a confounding variable. Dr. McClusky conducted a study in which he compared academic achievement among middle school students who either played video games at least one hour each day or did not play video games for at least one hour each day. The average scores used for academic achievement were reliable for both groups and the difference between the two groups was relatively large. This means that the results he found can be considered reliable. valid. statistically significant. correlated. Surveys indicate that people are less likely to support "affirmative action" than "preferential treatment." These survey results best illustrate the importance of random sampling. wording effects. the placebo effect. naturalistic observation. Statisticians Persi Diaconis and Frederick Mosteller commented, "But with a large enough sample, any outrageous thing is likely to happen." What were they referring to? hindsight bias overconfidence scientific inquiry perceiving patterns in random events Potential research participants are told enough about an upcoming study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. This illustrates the practice of seeking a representative sample. informed consent. an operational definition. a placebo effect. Name: Class: Date: chapter 1 In a psychological experiment, the experimental factor that is manipulated by the investigator is called the variable. dependent independent control experimental When people generalize from a few vivid but unrepresentative cases, they are falling prey to operational definitions. hypothesizing. hindsight bias. sampling bias. What do the parallel research findings of "Eighty percent of prisoners in the United States were spanked as children" and "Seventy-five percent of college students in the United States were spanked as children" demonstrate? The survey method leads to causal results. Correlation does not prove causation. Experimental designs cannot be replicated. These statements do not demonstrate any problem. Jenn earned a 72 on her first psychology exam, a 70 on the second exam, and a 71 on the third exam. What can be said about her exam scores? They are a reliable representation of her performance in the class. She needs to take more exams in order to determine a reliable representation of her class performance. They do not represent her class performance. They demonstrate differences in variability and reliability. The mean of a distribution of scores is the most frequently occurring score. arithmetic average of all the scores. least frequently occurring score. score exceeded by 50 percent of all the scores. When investigators gather data and then seek to identify patterns in the data that can be used to guide theories in the field, they are engaging in research. exploratory confirmatory correlational replication