TEST BANK FOR ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 10th Edition ELAINE N. MARIEB

Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into equal right and left parts is called: 1) _______ A) median (midsagittal) B) oblique C) transverse D) frontal E) coronal 2) Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body: 2) _______ A) chemical level, tissue level, cellular level, organ system level, organ level, organismal level B) cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ system level, organismal level, organ level C) chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level D) cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level E) cellular level, tissue level, chemical level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level 3) Which of these regions are associated with the parts of the arm: 3) _______ A) femoral, popliteal, patellar B) brachial, antecubital, carpal C) nasal, oral, occipital D) pelvic, pubic, inguinal E) acromial, sacral, gluteal 4) The muscular system consists of the: 4) _______ A) muscles in the walls of hollow organs B) muscles of the heart and those in the walls of the hollow organs C) skeletal muscles D) skeletal muscles and the muscles of the heart E) muscles of the heart 5) The lymphatic system: 5) _______ A) synthesizes vitamin D B) responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands C) secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells D) picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood E) produces heat 6) Which system covers the external surface of the body and manufactures vitamin D: 6) _______ A) endocrine system B) skeletal system C) nervous system D) integumentary system E) lymphatic system 7) Which of these regions are NOT associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head: 7) _______ A) oral B) orbital C) buccal D) nasal E) occiptal 8) Which of the following systems is matched most accurately to the life function it provides: 8) _______ A) respiratory system - digestion B) nervous system - excretion C) muscular system - maintaining boundaries D) integumentary system - movement E) nervous system - responsiveness 9) Which of the following elements of a control system detects a change: 9) _______ A) receptor B) control center C) effector D) stimulus E) efferent pathway 10) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the location of the spleen and stomach: 10) ______ A) both of these organs are located medially B) both of these organs are located in the left upper quadrant C) the spleen is located in the left upper quadrant and the stomach is located in the right upper quadrant D) both of these organs are located in the right upper quadrant E) the spleen is located in the right upper quadrant and the stomach is located in the left upper quadrant 11) Which of these is NOT a survival need: 11) ______ A) oxygen B) water C) reproduction D) body temperature E) nutrients 12) Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a control system: 12) ______ A) receptor, stimulus, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response B) stimulus, receptor, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, response C) receptor, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, response D) stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response E) effector, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, receptor, response 13) Which of the following activities does not represent an anatomical study: 13) ______ A) viewing muscle tissue through a microscope B) studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses C) observing the parts of a reproducing cell D) examining the surface of a bone E) making a section through the heart to observe its interior 14) The dorsal body cavity houses the: 14) ______ A) heart and lungs B) spinal cord and brain C) tongue D) urinary and reproductive organs E) digestive and reproductive organs 15) The stomach, liver, intestines, bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs are housed in the: 15) ______ A) abdominopelvic cavity B) dorsal cavity C) spinal cavity D) cranial cavity E) thoracic cavity 16) Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function: 16) ______ A) nutrients B) maintaining boundaries C) movement D) responsiveness E) metabolism 17) The study of the function of the body and body parts is called: 17) ______ A) homeostasis B) anatomy C) physiology D) irritability E) negative feedback 18) Which of these regions in the abdominopelvic cavity are medial: 18) ______ A) epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions B) umbilical, right lumbar, and left lumbar regions C) epigastric, right, and left hypochondriac regions D) iliac (inguinal), lumbar, and hypogastric regions E) right and left iliac (inguinal), and hypogastric regions 19) The region that contains the navel is the: 19) ______ A) umbilical region B) orbital region C) carpal region D) anterior knee E) inguinal region 20) The gluteal region is the: 20) ______ A) posterior knee area B) posterior surface of the head C) shoulder blade region D) buttock E) curve of the shoulder 21) Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings (in humans): 21) ______ A) medial and anterior B) superficial and proximal C) posterior and intermediate D) distal and proximal E) medial and distal 22) Your body thermostat is located in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. Which of the following elements of a control system does this area in the brain represent: 22) ______ A) stimulus B) afferent pathway C) efferent pathway D) effector E) control center 23) The ovary is part of which of the following two systems: 23) ______ A) digestive and respiratory systems B) reproductive and endocrine systems C) digestive and endocrine systems D) reproductive and respiratory systems E) endocrine and respiratory systems 24) Elimination of metabolic wastes from the body is the function of the: 24) ______ A) digestive and urinary systems B) digestive system C) urinary system D) respiratory system E) digestive and respiratory systems 25) Which ventral cavity subdivision has no bony protection: 25) ______ A) spinal B) pelvic C) abdominal D) cranial E) thoracic 26) The system that controls and coordinates the body through hormones is the: 26) ______ A) digestive system B) nervous system C) endocrine system D) skeletal system E) integumentary system 27) Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity: 27) ______ A) dorsal B) transverse C) sagittal D) coronal E) ventral 28) Which of the following regional terms means the anterior surface of the elbow: 28) ______ A) vertebral region B) antecubital region C) calcaneal region D) scapular region E) gluteal region 29) In describing the relationship of the thoracic and spinal cavities: 29) ______ A) the thoracic cavity is superior to the spinal cavity B) the thoracic cavity is medial to the spinal cavity C) the thoracic cavity is proximal to the spinal cavity D) the thoracic cavity is ventral to the spinal cavity E) the thoracic cavity is inferior to the spinal cavity 30) Which of these structures is the most complex: 30) ______ A) a tissue B) a molecule C) a cell D) organ system E) an organ 31) Sarah fell while ice skating and broke a bone in her carpal region. Where is this region? 31) ______ A) wrist B) shoulder C) lower leg D) hip E) knee 32) In anatomical position: 32) ______ A) the body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward B) the body is lying face up with the feet parallel and the arms at the sides with the palms facing forward C) the body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing backward D) the body is lying face up with the feet parallel and the arms at the sides with the palms facing backward E) the body is lying face down with the feet parallel and the arms at the sides with the palms facing backward 33) The lungs and heart are in the __________ body cavity. 33) ______ A) spinal B) thoracic C) abdominopelvic D) cranial E) dorsal 34) The ribs are located in the: 34) ______ A) right and left iliac regions B) right and left hypochondriac regions C) right and left pubic regions D) right and left lumbar regions E) right and left inguinal regions 35) Positive feedback systems: 35) ______ A) operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increases B) regulate heart and breathing rates, and operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced C) regulate heart and breathing rates, and operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increases D) operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced E) regulate heart and breathing rates 36) Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans): 36) ______ A) superior and caudal B) inferior and cephalad C) anterior and dorsal D) inferior and cranial E) anterior and ventral 37) The system that takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide to the exterior is the: 37) ______ A) muscular system B) respiratory system C) urinary system D) cardiovascular system E) reproductive system 38) In describing the relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions: 38) ______ A) the patellar region is lateral to the popliteal region B) the patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region C) the patellar region is proximal to the popliteal region D) the patellar region is superior to the popliteal region E) the patellar region is distal to the popliteal region SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 39) A cut that is made along the midline is called a __________ section. 39) _____________ Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, identify the following: 40) Label E points to the __________ cavity. 40) _____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 41) A control mechanism that responds to a stimulus by decreasing its intensity is called a __________ mechanism. 41) _____________ 42) The larynx is an organ of the __________ system. 42) _____________ Median Abdominal Negative respiratory Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, identify the following: 43) Label A points to the __________ region. 43) _____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 44) The body s ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as __________. 44) _____________ 45) The abdominal cavity has __________ quadrants and __________ regions. 45) _____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 46) The navel is __________ to the spine. 46) _____________ 47) __________ is the process of breaking down ingested food in preparation for absorption. 47) _____________ epigastric Homeostasis 4 9 anterior digestion Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, identify the following: 48) Label E points to the __________ region. 48) _____________ Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, identify the following: 49) Label B points to the __________ cavity. 49) _____________ 50) Label F points to the __________ cavity. 50) _____________ spinal hypogastric pelvic 51) Ventral is a directional term synonymous with __________ in humans. 51) _____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 52) Groups of cells that have a common function are termed __________. 52) _____________ Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, identify the following: 53) Label A points to the __________ cavity. 53) _____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 54) The central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart is called the __________. 54) _____________ 55) The system that functions in the storage of minerals, such as calcium, is called the __________ system. 55) _____________ 56) The component of a control system that provides the means for the control center s response (output) is called the __________. 56) _____________ 57) The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity. 57) _____________ 58) The __________ system is composed of kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. 58) _____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 59) The ability to sense changes and react to them is termed __________ or __________. 59) _____________ 60) The armpit area is called the __________ region. 60) _____________ 61) The epigastric region is __________ to the right hypochondriac region of the abdominopelvic cavity. 61) _____________ anterior tissues cranial mediastinum skeletal effector superior Urinary irritability responsiveness axillary medial Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, identify the following: 62) Label B points to the __________ region. 62) _____________ 63) Label C points to the __________ region. 63) _____________ 64) Blood is categorized as a __________ because it is compared of similar cells with a common function. 64) _____________ 65) The patellar region is __________ to the popliteal region. 65) _____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 66) The cranial and spinal cavities are subdivisions of the __________ cavity. 66) _____________ 67) The function of the __________ system is to control body activities via hormones. 67) _____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 68) __________ refers to all of the chemical reactions in the body. 68) _____________ right hypochondriac umbilical tissue anterior dorsal endocrine metabolism Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, identify the following: 69) Label D points to the __________. 69) _____________ Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, identify the following: 70) Label F points to the __________ region. 70) _____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 71) The study of the body s small structures using a microscope is called __________. 71) _____________ diaphragm right iliac microscopic anatomy Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, identify the following: 72) Label D points to the __________ region. 72) _____________ Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, identify the following: 73) Label C points to the __________ cavity. 73) _____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: right lumbar thoracic 74) The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the __________ region. 74) _____________ 75) The breakdown of ingested foods into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream is termed __________. 75) _____________ 76) The three medial regions of the abdominopelvic cavity are __________, __________, and __________. 76) _____________ 77) Blood clotting and the birth of a baby are examples of the __________ feedback mechanism. 77) _____________ TRUE/FALSE. Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false. 78) The heel of the foot constitutes the plantar region. 78) ______ 79) The lymphatic system collects fluids leaked by the cardiovascular system and returns them to the bloodstream. 79) ______ 80) The spleen and the tonsils are part of the digestive system. 80) ______ 81) The endocrine system is the fast- acting body control system. 81) ______ 82) The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm. 82) ______ 83) The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into four quadrants and nine regions. 83) ______ 84) As body temperature drops below normal, chemical reactions proceed too rapidly and body proteins begin to break down. 84) ______ 85) The spinal cavity is part of the ventral body cavity. 85) ______ 86) The hypogastric region is directly superior to the umbilical region. 86) ______ 87) There is no physical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity. 87) ______ 88) The highest level of structural organization in humans is the organ level. 88) ______ 89) Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback reactions. 89) ______ 90) Proximal means farther from the origin of a body part. 90) ______ 91) The sacral region is on the ventral (anterior) body surface. 91) ______ 92) Excretion is the process of removing wastes from the body. 92) ______ MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the following: 93) Tarsal A) ankle 93) ______ 94) Inguinal B) area where thigh meets body trunk 94) ______ 95) Umbilical C) navel 95) ______ hypogastric digestion epigastric umbilical hypogastric positive F T F F T F F F F T F T F F T A B C Match the following: 96) Dorsal A) behind 96) ______ 97) Ventral B) toward the side 97) ______ 98) Lateral C) in front of 98) ______ 99) Superior D) above 99) ______ Match the following. 100) Regulation of water and electrolytes A) urinary system 100) _____ Match the following: 101) Popliteal A) posterior knee area 101) _____ 102) Oral B) mouth 102) _____ Match the following. 103) Heat production A) nervous system 103) _____ 104) Responds to stimuli (internal and external) B) muscular system 104) _____ Match the following: 105) Proximal A) close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk 105) _____ Match the following. 106) Site of hematopoiesis A) skeletal system 106) _____ Match the following: 107) Patellar A) armpit 107) _____ 108) Axillary B) anterior knee 108) _____ Match the following: 109) Deep A) toward the body surface 109) _____ B) away from the body surface Match the following: 110) Femoral A) thigh 110) _____ Match the following: 111) Distal A) farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk 111) _____ A C B D A A B B A A A B A B A A Match the following: 112) Coxal A) hip 112) _____ Match the following. 113) Houses blood cells involved in immunity A) lymphatic system 113) _____ B) respiratory system Match the following: 114) Orbital A) eye area 114) _____ Match the following: 115) Inferior A) below 115) _____ Match the following. 116) Slow- acting body control system A) digestive system 116) _____ B) endocrine system Match the following: 117) Medial A) toward the midline 117) _____ ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 118) Describe anatomical position. Explain why anatomical position is used. 119) Explain the difference between homeostatis and metabolism. 120) List and explain the eight necessary human life functions. 121) Explain how scratching an itch is an example of the negative feedback mechanism. 122) Describe the role of the effector in the negative feedback system. 123) List, and briefly define, the human body s organization levels from smallest to largest. 124) List and explain the three major body planes and sections. 125) Distinguish between anatomy and physiology. 126) Identify the two dorsal body cavities, and state their locations and the organs contained therein. 127) List the four quadrants and nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity. Explain why this cavity has these subdivisions. 128) List and explain the five survival needs of humans. A A A A B A 1) A 2) C 3) B 4) C 5) D 6) D 7) E 8) E 9) A 10) B 11) C 12) D 13) B 14) B 15) A 16) A 17) C 18) A 19) A 20) D 21) D 22) E 23) B 24) C 25) C 26) C 27) B 28) B 29) D 30) D 31) A 32) A 33) B 34) B 35) A 36) E 37) B 38) B 39) midsagittal or median 40) abdominal 41) negative feedback 42) respiratory 43) epigastric 44) homeostasis 45) 4; 9 46) ventral or anterior 47) Digestion 48) hypogastric 49) spinal 50) pelvic 51) anterior 52) tissues 53) cranial 54) mediastinum 55) skeletal 56) effector 57) superior 58) urinary or excretory 59) irritability; responsiveness 60) axillary 61) medial 62) right hypochondriac 63) umbilical 64) tissue 65) ventral or anterior 66) dorsal 67) endocrine 68) Metabolism 69) diaphragm 70) right iliac (inguinal) 71) microscopic anatomy 72) right lumbar 73) thoracic 74) hypogastric 75) digestion 76) epigastric region, umbilical region, hypogastric region 77) positive 78) FALSE 79) TRUE 80) FALSE 81) FALSE 82) TRUE 83) FALSE 84) FALSE 85) FALSE 86) FALSE 87) TRUE 88) FALSE 89) TRUE 90) FALSE 91) FALSE 92) TRUE 93) A 94) B 95) C 96) A 97) C 98) B 99) D 100) A 101) A 102) B 103) B 104) A 105) A 106) A 107) B 108) A 109) B 110) A 111) A 112) A 113) A 114) A 115) A 116) B 117) A 118) Anatomical position is defined as standing erect, feet parallel to the arms, palms facing forward. Anatomical position is used because it is a standard position; it also helps us to avoid confusion. Additionally, anatomical position is a reference point that helps us accurately describe body parts and position. 119) Homeostasis is the body s attempt to maintain balance during which time internal conditions may vary. Metabolism is all chemical reactions that occur in the body. 120) 1. Maintenance of boundaries keeps the internal environment distinct from the external environment; membranes perform this function at the cellular level and skin performs this function for the organism. 2. Movement includes a change in the position of the body or the propelling of a substance (such as blood, urine, or food) through the body organs; constitutes a major role of the muscular system. 3. Responsiveness (irritability) the ability to react to stimuli; constitutes a major role of the nervous system. 4. Metabolism includes all the chemical reactions that occur within the body s cells. 5. Excretion elimination of carbon dioxide by the lungs and nitrogenous wastes by the kidneys. 6. Digestion the process of breaking down ingested foodstuffs into simpler molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood for delivery to the body s cells. 7. Growth an increase in size, which is usually accompanied by an increase in the number of cells. 8. Reproduction the production of new cells for growth and repair, and also the production of offspring. 121) 1. Stimulus or input is the itch. 2. A receptor carries the information about the stimulus (itch) to the brain via an afferent pathway. 3. Control center (brain) analyzes this information an turns on an effector which will cancel the stimulus. 4. Information reaches the effector via the efferent pathway from the brain. Muscles move the hand to scratch the itch. 5. Scratching continues until the itch goes away. The brain shuts off the effector once homeostatis is restored. 122) The effector is the control center s output and response to the stimulus. The effector s job is to cancel or shut off the control mechanism. 123) 1. chemical level: a. atoms are the basic building blocks of matter b. molecules are units formed by atoms combining 2. cellular level: cells are the smallest living unit in living organisms 3. tissue level: tissues are groupings of cells performing a common function 4. organ level: an organ is a structure consisting of two or more tissue types 5. organ system level: an organ system describes a group of organs functioning cooperatively for a common purpose 6. organism level: a human organism consists of all of the organ systems of the b ody working together to promote healthy functioning (homeostasis) 124) 1. Sagittal cut is made along the longitudinal (lengthwise) plane of the body (or an organ), dividing it into right and left parts. 2. Frontal (coronal) cut is made along the longitudinal (lengthwise) plane of the body (or an organ), dividing it into anterior and posterior parts. 3. Transverse (cross- section) cut is made along the transverse (horizontal) plane, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts. 125) Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts, and their relationships to one another. Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts work or function. 126) 1. Cranial cavity the superior posterior space inside the bony skull that houses the brain. 2. Spinal cavity the inferior posterior space inside the bony vertebral column that houses the spinal cord. 127) 1. The four quadrants are: a. right upper quadrant b. right lower quadrant c. left upper quadrant d. right lower quadrant 2. The nine regions are: a. epigastric region b. umbilical region c. hypogastric region d. right hypochondriac region e. left hypochondriac region f. right lumbar region g. left lumbar region h. right iliac region i. left iliac region This cavity has been subdivided into these quadrants and regions because it is large and has many organs. 128) 1. Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which are taken in via the diet for energy and cell building. 2. Oxygen required to release energy from food. 3. Water accounts for over 60% of the body weight, and provides the basis for various body fluids. 4. Appropriate body temperature when too high or too low, physiological activities cease, primarily because molecules are destroyed or become nonfunctional. 5. Appropriate atmospheric pressure the force exerted on the surface of the body by the weight of air; is essential for normal operation of the respiratory system and breathing. Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Ninety- six percent of the human body is composed of the elements: 1) _______ A) carbon, calcium, sodium, and oxygen B) sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and sulfur C) calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron D) carbon, oxygen, iron, and potassium E) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen 2) Triglycerides: 2) _______ A) include cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D, sex hormones, and adrenal cortical hormones B) have a three- dimensional structure that can be easily destroyed by heat, causing them to be denatured and no longer capable of performing their physiological roles C) are found in fat deposits (e.g., subcutaneous tissue around organs), and serve to protect and insulate body organs; they are the major source of stored energy in the body D) are found in the cell membrane and participate in the transport of lipids in plasma; they are also abundant in the brain and in nervous tissue where they help to form insulating white matter E) include lipoid substances such as fat- soluble vitamins (e.g., vitamins A, E, and K), prostaglandins, and lipoproteins 3) Enzymes: 3) _______ A) increase the rates of chemical reactions by at least a millionfold B) are essential to virtually every biochemical reaction in the body C) when absent or destroyed, cause all biochemical reactions to cease D) help regulate growth and development E) are highly specialized proteins that recognize, bind with, and inactivate bacteria, toxins, and some viruses 4) The simplest atom containing one proton, one electron, and no neutrons is: 4) _______ A) hydrogen B) nitrogen C) carbon D) sodium E) oxygen 5) An atom that has lost two electrons is called a(n): 5) _______ A) isotope B) proton C) radioisotope D) cation E) anion 6) An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons is a(n): 6) _______ A) anion B) cation C) isotope D) molecule E) radioisotope 7) In order to break a disaccharide down into simple sugar units: 7) _______ A) water molecules and carbon atoms must be removed from each bond B) carbon atoms must be added to each bond C) water molecules must be removed from each bond