Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology (NEW HESI EXAM BASIC TEST FOR FINAL EXAM UPDATE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022) Maryville University Of St. Louis

Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology (NEW HESI EXAM BASIC TEST FOR FINAL EXAM UPDATE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022) Maryville University Of St. Louis Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction? A) lysosomes B) peroxisomes C) ribosomes D) oxyhydrosomes - Ans: B- peroxisomes What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria? A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthese B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure - Ans: B- influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of apoptosis? A) apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells B) apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the nucleus and the cytoplasm C) apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death D) apoptosis results in benign malignancies - Ans: A- apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because: A) during cell injury cause by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because: B) the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels C) the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane D) oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell - Ans: C- the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane What is an effect of ionizing radiation exposure? A) respiratory distress B) sun intolerance C) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) abberations D) death - Ans: C- deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) abberations Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because: A) adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling B) the metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than thos of lean adults D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively - Ans: A- adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling In addition to osmosis, what force is involved in the movement of water between the plasma and interstitial fluid spaces? A) oncotic pressure B) buffering C) net filtration D) hydrostatic pressure - Ans: D- hydrostatic pressure Venous obstruction is a cause of edema because of an increase in which pressure? A) capillary hydrostatic B) interstitial hydrostatic C) capillary oncotic D) interstitial oncotic - Ans: A- capillary hydrostatic At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from the intravascular space into the interstitial space because: A) the interstitial hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary hydrostatic pressure B) the capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than then capillary oncotic pressure C) the interstitial oncotic pressure is higher than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure D) the capillary oncotic pressure is lower than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure - Ans: B- the capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than then capillary oncotic pressure It is true that natriuretic peptides: A) decrease blood pressure and increase sodium and water excretion B) increase blood pressure and decrease sodium and water excretion C) increase the heart rate and decrease potassium excretion D) decrease the heart rate and increase the potassium excretion - Ans: A- decrease blood pressure and increase sodium and water excretion What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in hypernatremia?