HUB1020S SUMMARY NOTES
Made by Tammy van Druten
BSc Occupational Therapy student, second year
, Content
Introduction to the lower limb
Week 1 Pg. 2
and anterior & medial thigh
Week 2 The gluteal region Pg. 29
Week 3 & 4 Posterior thigh and leg Pg. 49
Week 5 Muscle physiology Pg. 72
Week 6 & 7 Nerve physiology Pg. 110
The anterior and medial lower
Week 8 Pg. 138
limb
Week 9 The integumentary system Pg. 146
Week 10 Embryology Pg. 159
Week 11 The foot Pg. 188
HUB1020S Summary Notes 1
, HUB1020S
Anatomy and Physiology
Week 1 Lecture Topic:
Introduction to the Lower Limb & Anterior and Medial Thigh
The Lower Limb
• Carries entire weight of erect body
• Subjected to exceptional forces e.g. jumping & running
• Three segments:
1. Thigh – upper part of the upper limb
2. Leg – rest of the lower limb between thigh & foot
3. Foot
BONES & JOINTS OF THE LOWER LIMB
− Os coxae
→ Hip bone made up of the Ilium, Ischium & Pubic bone
→ The 2 hip bones join at the pubic symphysis (ant.) + join
with the pelvic part of the spine (sacrum and coccyx – post.)
− Femur
− Patella
− Tibia
− Fibula
− Tarsals
− Metatarsals
− Phalanges (toes)
• The femur articulates with the tibia and patella embedded in the quadriceps femoris
tendon (ant. aspect of thigh; straightens leg)
HUB1020S Summary Notes 2
, • The knee joint allows flexion/ extension of the leg, as well as rotation of the femur on the
tibia (locks the knee when standing)
• The fibula doesn’t form part of the knee joint, and only the most lateral part of the ankle
joint. It does form two joints with the tibia: the superior and inferior tibiofibular joints.
These are synovial joints, but little movement occurs here
• The distal ends of tibia and fibula form a deep recess (cavity/ hollow) for the ankle joint –
formed with the talus tarsal bone
DIVISIONS OF THE LOWER LIMB
• The sacroiliac joints & ligaments are the anchor point for attachment of the lower limb to
the axial skeleton
• Gluteal region = Posterolateral; between the iliac crest and gluteal fold
• Thigh = Between inguinal ligament (ant.)/ gluteal fold (post.) + knee joint
• The hip joint is inferior to the middle third of the inguinal ligament
• Leg (lower) = between knee and ankle
HUB1020S Summary Notes 3
Made by Tammy van Druten
BSc Occupational Therapy student, second year
, Content
Introduction to the lower limb
Week 1 Pg. 2
and anterior & medial thigh
Week 2 The gluteal region Pg. 29
Week 3 & 4 Posterior thigh and leg Pg. 49
Week 5 Muscle physiology Pg. 72
Week 6 & 7 Nerve physiology Pg. 110
The anterior and medial lower
Week 8 Pg. 138
limb
Week 9 The integumentary system Pg. 146
Week 10 Embryology Pg. 159
Week 11 The foot Pg. 188
HUB1020S Summary Notes 1
, HUB1020S
Anatomy and Physiology
Week 1 Lecture Topic:
Introduction to the Lower Limb & Anterior and Medial Thigh
The Lower Limb
• Carries entire weight of erect body
• Subjected to exceptional forces e.g. jumping & running
• Three segments:
1. Thigh – upper part of the upper limb
2. Leg – rest of the lower limb between thigh & foot
3. Foot
BONES & JOINTS OF THE LOWER LIMB
− Os coxae
→ Hip bone made up of the Ilium, Ischium & Pubic bone
→ The 2 hip bones join at the pubic symphysis (ant.) + join
with the pelvic part of the spine (sacrum and coccyx – post.)
− Femur
− Patella
− Tibia
− Fibula
− Tarsals
− Metatarsals
− Phalanges (toes)
• The femur articulates with the tibia and patella embedded in the quadriceps femoris
tendon (ant. aspect of thigh; straightens leg)
HUB1020S Summary Notes 2
, • The knee joint allows flexion/ extension of the leg, as well as rotation of the femur on the
tibia (locks the knee when standing)
• The fibula doesn’t form part of the knee joint, and only the most lateral part of the ankle
joint. It does form two joints with the tibia: the superior and inferior tibiofibular joints.
These are synovial joints, but little movement occurs here
• The distal ends of tibia and fibula form a deep recess (cavity/ hollow) for the ankle joint –
formed with the talus tarsal bone
DIVISIONS OF THE LOWER LIMB
• The sacroiliac joints & ligaments are the anchor point for attachment of the lower limb to
the axial skeleton
• Gluteal region = Posterolateral; between the iliac crest and gluteal fold
• Thigh = Between inguinal ligament (ant.)/ gluteal fold (post.) + knee joint
• The hip joint is inferior to the middle third of the inguinal ligament
• Leg (lower) = between knee and ankle
HUB1020S Summary Notes 3
