TEST BANK FOR GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES 7TH EDITION MICHAEL GOLDBERG JANICE FISCHER LEROY HOOD LELAND HARTWELL ISBN10: 1260240878

GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES 7TH EDITION MICHAEL GOLDBERGJANICE FISCHER LEROY HOOD LELAND HARTWELL TEST BANK Table of Contents PART I Basic Principles: How Traits Are Transmitted 1 Mendel’s Principles of Heredity 2 Extensions to Mendel’s Laws 3 Chromosomes and Inheritance 4 Sex Chromosomes 5 Linkage, Recombination, and Gene Mapping PART II What Genes Are and What They Do 6 DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination 7 Mutation 8 Using Mutations to Study Genes 9 Gene Expression: The Flow of Information from DNA to RNA to Protein PART III Analysis of Genetic Information 10 Digital Analysis of DNA 11 Genome Annotation 12 Analyzing Genomic Variation PART IV How Genes Travel on Chromosomes 13 The Eukaryotic Chromosome 14 Chromosomal Rearrangements 15 Ploidy 16 Bacterial Genetics 17 Organellar Inheritance PART V How Genes Are Regulated 18 Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes 19 Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes 20 Epigenetics PART VI Using Genetics 21 Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes 22 The Genetic Analysis of D evelopment 23 The Genetics of Cancer PART VII Beyond the Individual Gene and Genome 24 Variation and Selection in Populations 25 Genetic Analysis of Complex Traits Chapter 1. Mendel’s Principles of Heredity 1) Why did Mendel perform reciprocal crosses? A) To obtain enough plants to perform the experiments that Mendel wanted. B) To test a hypothesis that stated the ovum carries all the information for progeny. C) To be able to breed plants year round. D) To determine whether the inheritance of a trait depends on which parent carries the trait. 2) What is the difference between cross - and self-fertilization? A) In cross -fertilization, the pollen from one plant is used to fertilize the egg from the same plant. B) In cross -fertilization, the pollen from one plant is used to fertilize the egg of another plant. plant. C) In self-fertilization, the pollen from one plant is used to fertilize the egg from another D) In cross -fertilization, insects are used to pollinate the plants, whereas in self - fertilization, the investigator pollinates the plants. 3) What is the outcome of crossing two pure -breeding plants with antagonistic characters of traits? A) Only one of the characteristics will be seen in the progeny. B) Both characteristics will be seen in the progeny. C) Both characteristics will be seen in the progeny in a 3:1 ratio. D) Only one characteristic will be seen, and it will be that of the female. 4) According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, A) alleles of genes assort into gametes grouped according to how they were inherited originally. B) dominant alleles for one gene must assort into the same gamete as the dominant alleles for another gene. C) alleles of genes on different chromosomes assort randomly into different gametes. D) dominant alleles for one gene must assort into the same gamete as the recessive alleles for another gene. 5) An S1S2 ×S1S2 mating is performed. If the phenotypic ratio of the progeny is 3:1, then A) one allele is dominant and the other is recessive. B) neither allele is dominant. C) the S1 allele is dominant to the S2 allele. D) the S2 allele is dominant to the S1 allele. E) the relationship between the alleles cannot be determined. 6) Which of the following probabilities is correct (according to Mendel's law of independent assortment) regarding a mating of an Ss RR individual to an individual who is Ss Rr ? (A – indicates the second allele is either dominant or recessive.) A) Homozygous recessive: 10% B) Heterozygous both alleles: 50% C) ss R– : 15.5% D) S– RR: 37.5% 7) What does the pattern of inheritance in this pedigree indicate about the rare disease allele? A) The disease allele is dominant. B) The disease allele is recessive. C) There is no indication that the disease allele is either dominant or recessive. D) The disease allele is not inherited but arises only by a new mutation in affected individuals. 8) alleles of the CF gene that result in cystic fibrosis are recessive to normal alleles because A) the protein produced by the normal allele in heterozygotes is sufficient for normal cellular function. B) the CF mutations that cause cystic fibrosis always result in no protein being produced. C) CF mutations result in a protein that has normal function only if normal CFTR protein also exists in the cell. D) dominant alleles that cause a fatal disorder, such as cystic fibrosis, cannot be inherited. 9) The reason that the HD allele that causes Huntington disease is dominant to HD+ alleles is that does. the normal HD allele does not normally produce a protein but the mutant HD allele A) the mutant HD allele suppresses protein production from the normal HD allele. B) the HD mutation results in a protein that can damage nerve cells even in the presence of the normal protein. C) the protein produced from the mutant HD allele is nonfunctional. 10) If an individual is heterozygous for only 7 of his gene pairs (he is homozygous for all of his other genes), how many different gamete types can he produce? A) 49 B) 100 C) 128 D) 1024 E) 131,072 11) In some genetically engineered corn plants, a Bt gene was inserted into a chromosome. The Bt gene specifies a protein called Bt that is lethal to certain flying insect pests that eat the corn plants. If the corn plant is heterozygous for the Bt gene (one homolog has the introduced Bt gene and the other does not), what proportion of the sperm would carry the Bt gene? Is the presence of the Bt gene (a mutation) dominant or recessive to its absence (the wild type)? A) all pollen; dominant B) 1/2; dominant C) 1/3; recessive D) 1/4; dominant E) 1/8; recessive 12) Suppose that in plants, smooth seeds (S) is dominant to wrinkled seeds (s), and tall plants (T) is dominant to short plants ( t). An F 1 plant from a mating between homozygous plants that were tall/smooth and short/wrinkled was crossed to the sho rt/wrinkled parent. What proportion of the progeny are expected (according to the Mendel’s law of independent assortment) to be homozygous for short and wrinkled alleles? A) 1/2 B) 1/4 C) 1/8 D) 1/16 D) 0 13) Sickle -cell disease is a recessive trait in humans. In a cross between a father who has sickle -cell disease and a mother who is heterozygous for the sickle -cell allele, what is the probability that all of their first three children will be unaffected? A) 1/4 B) 1/2 C) none D) 1/8 E) 1/16 14) Starting with the parental cross AA × aa, what proportion of the F 2 offspring is expected to be homozygous? A) 1/4 B) 1/2 C) 3/4 D) All are homozygotes. E) None are homozygotes. 15) Starting with the parental cross AA bb × aa BB , what proportion of the F 2 offspring is expected to be homozygous at least one of the two genes? A) 1/4 B) 1/2 C) 3/4 D) All are homozygotes. E) None are homozygotes. 16) In the testcross Aa Bb × aa bb , what proportion of individuals are expected (according to Mendel's law of independent assortment) to be homozygous for both genes in the F1generation? A) 1/4 B) 1/2 C) 3/4 D) All are homozygotes. E) None are homozygotes. 17) Among the crosses shown below, which will produce a 1:1 phenotypic ratio according to Mendel's law of independent assortment? A) AA BB × aabb B) Aa Bb × AaBb C) Aa Bb × aabb D) AaBB × aaBB E) AA bb × aaBB 18) Assume that in guinea pigs, dark brown fur (B) is dominant to black fur (b). If you mate a homozygous black guinea pig with a heterozygous brown guinea pig, what proportion of the progeny will be black? A) 1/4 B) 1/2 C) 3/4 D) All of these choices are correct. E) None of these choices are correct. 19) Assume that in guinea pigs, dark brown fur (B) is dominant to black fur (b). If you mate a black guinea pig with a homozygous brown guinea pig, what proportion of the progeny will be homozygous for alleles of the B gene? A) 1/4 B) 1/2 C) 3/4 D) All of these choices are correct. E) None of these choices are correct. 20) An allele that expresses its phenotype even when heterozygous with a recessive allele is called A) recessive. B) recombinant. C) dominant. D) parental. E) independent. 21) The diploid cell formed by the fertilization of the egg by the sperm during sexual reproduction is a A) reciprocal. B) zygote. C) dihybrid. D) gamete. E) monohybrid. 22) The alleles present in an individual make up the individual's A) recombinant types. B) recessiveness. C) dominance. D) phenotype. E) genotype. 23) The first offspring from the parents are called A) P. B) F 1. C) F 2. D) a testcross. E) P 2. 24) What type of cross is performed to determine the genotype of an individual with the dominant character of a trait? A) A testcross B) A dihybrid cross C) A monohybrid cross D) A genotyping cross E) A controlled cross 25) If the parents of a family already have two boys, what is the probability that the next two offspring will both be girls? A) 1 B) 1/2 C) 1/3 D) 1/4 E) 1/8 26) Suppose that in plants, smooth seeds (S) is dominant to wrinkled seeds (s) and tall plants (T) is dominant to short plants ( t). A dihybrid tall plant with smooth seeds was crossed to a short plant with wrinkled seeds. According to Mendel’s law of independent assortment, what proportion of the progeny is expected to be tall and smooth? A) 1/2 B) 1/4 C) 1/8 D) 1/16 E) 0 27) A rare recessive characteristic in a pedigree is indicated by which pattern of inheritance? A) Vertical B) Horizontal C) Diagonal D) Both vertical and horizontal E) Pure-breeding 28) The dominant Huntington disease allele causes severe neural/brain damage at approximately age 40. A female whose mother has Huntington disease wants to have a child with a male whose parents are normal. It is not known if the female has the disease. Keeping in mind that the disease allele is rare in the population, what is the probability that their firs tborn will inherit the allele that causes Huntington disease? A) 25% B) 50% C) 75% D) 100% E) 0%