Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK Abnormal Psychology By Nietzel, Speltz, McCauley and Bernstein (Prepared By Susan K. Fuhr)

Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK Abnormal Psychology By Nietzel, Speltz, McCauley and Bernstein (Prepared By Susan K. Fuhr) Abnormal Psychology, ISBN: 2816 Test Bank for Nietzel • Speltz McCauley • Bernstein Abnormal Psychology Prepared by Susan K. Fuhr Weber State University Allyn and Bacon Boston • London • Toronto • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore Copyright © 1998 by Allyn & Bacon A Viacom Company 160 Gould Street Needham Heights, MA 02194 Internet: America Online: keyword: College Online All rights reserved. The contents, or parts thereof, may be reproduced for use with Abnormal Psychology by Michael T. Nietzel, Matthew L. Speltz, Elizabeth A. McCauley, and Douglas A. Bernstein, provided such reproductions bear copyright notice, but may not be reproduced in any form for any other purpose without written permission from the copyright owner. ISBN -X Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 97 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR: PAST AND PRESENT PERSPECTIVES ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS DISORDERS OF INFANCY, CHILDHOOD, and ADOLESCENCE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS AND LEARNING DISABILITIES STRESS, SLEEP, AND ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND HEALTH ANXIETY DISORDERS DISSOCIATIVE AND SOMATOFORM DISORDERS MOOD DISORDERS AND SUICIDE SCHIZOPHRENIA COGNITIVE DISORDERS PERSONALITY DISORDERS SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS SEXUAL AND GENDER IDENTITY DISORDERS BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS PSYCHOTHERAPY ALTERNATIVES TO INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOTHERAPY LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN MENTAL DISORDERS 1 33 58 85 110 134 155 181 205 238 263 281 309 339 365 385 410 431 Preface Ans. C App p. 217 E * 7. 6 > Ans. C > App > p. 217 > E > Given the popularity of the undergraduate course in abnormal psychology as well as the exigencies imposed by large class sizes in most colleges and universities, many instructors employ multiple choice exams as a primary means of evaluating student learning. I have tried to produce a diverse array of such questions, along with a few short answer/essay items at the end of each chapter. I hope you find them useful as you create exams for your course. Each item is presented with several descriptive qualifiers, listed just below the item number. For instance, here is an item from Chapter 7: 7. 6 Dr. Seshachari is treating a client who is diagnosed with one of the most common anxiety disorders. Which of the following would this be? a. generalized anxiety b. panic disorder c. social phobia d. obsessive-compulsive disorder chapter number. item number correct answer type of item: APPLIED (App), CONCEPTUAL (Con), FACTUAL (Fac) page reference for answer item difficulty: EASY (E), MODERATE (M), CHALLENGING (C)1 * indicates item is found in the student Practice Tests (20 per chapter) Each chapter has at least 65% Applied items and roughly 15% Conceptual and 15% Factual. I would very much appreciate your feedback and suggestions as you use these items. Please contact me by email: sfuhr@weber. edu. I would like to express my thanks to the several individuals without whose aid and support this project would not have come to fruition. To Doug Bernstein, thank you for recommending me and providing all-important social support via the electronic highway. And hearty thanks to Sue Gleason, my stalwart, always reassuring editor who's been a pleasure to work with. About 250 items in this bank were written, and my own writing reviewed, by some of Weber State University's brightest and best students: Danny May, Bryce Warren, Shayne Palmer, Angie Wehr, and Todd Woodward. And Amanda Allman, of Illinois, was a saving grace toward the end of the project, writing several items for the last three chapters. Thanks Amanda. And now that I've written, rewritten, and edited the last item, I can tell my long-neglected spouse that I'll soon be back to normal (whatever that is!). Susan K. Fuhr, Ph. D. Weber State University Ogden, Utah I encourage you to bear in mind that because this is a new testbank for a new text, these difficulty levels are rationally based and await empirical item analysis. Your own choices for class coverage and emphases will affect the accuracy of these recommended levels. Chapter 1 ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR: PAST AND PRESENT PERSPECTIVES 1. 1 Which facet of your text's definition of "abnormal behavior" is universally Ans. D accepted? Fac a. individual disturbance of behavior or physical functioning p. 4 b. psychological distress or impaired functioning E c. a kind of disturbance that is unexpected in the culture d. None of the above apply. 1. 2 If you were a citizen of ancient Egypt, what would you be most likely to cite Ans. C as the cause of Nelson McGrath's behavior? App a. weakness of character p. 5 b. bodily illness E c. evil d. irrational thoughts & perceptions 1. 3 Evidence from cultures around 3500 to 3000 B. C. suggests that a Ans. D model would have been used to explain abnormal behavior. Fac a. medical p. 5 b. humanistic E c. rationalistic d. demonological 1. 4 How might an early Mesopotamian individual be treated if she or he Ans. C demonstrated bizarre actions, strange speech, and extremely unusual beliefs? App a. bloodletting with leeches p. 5 b. confinement to an asylum M c. trephining d. a special diet to restore bodily imbalances 1. 5 Ancient Chinese and Hebrew civilizations employed several methods in the Ans. B treatment of abnormal individuals. Which approach, however, was NOT Fac common? p. 5 a. exercise and special diet M b. special care in asylums c. faith healing d. concoctions to poison spirits and demons 1. 6 The movie "An American Werewolf in London" reflects a belief in which of Ans. A the following? App a. lycanthropy p. 5 b. hysteria E c. tarantism d. stigmata diaboli 1 1. 7 In your historical review of early approaches to understanding abnormality, to Ans. D whom would you credit the birth of the medical tradition? App a. Roman philosophers p. 5 b. Islamic scholars E c. Egyptian healers d. Greek physicians 1. 8 If you assert that humans are primarily rational beings who gain knowledge Ans. C through reasoning and recollection to discover universal truths, to whom do Con you clearly owe an intellectual debt? p. 5 a. Hippocrates M b. Avicenna * c. Plato d. Descartes 1. 9 Marc considers himself an empirical scientist of psychology, gathering and Ans. C evaluating information from perceptual experiences. Which Greek philosopher Con set forth the intellectual foundation for Marc's perspective? p. 5 a. Plato M b. Hippocrates c. Aristotle d. Galen 1. 10 Which humorous Greek is considered the father of medicine? Ans. B a. Galen Fac b. Hippocrates p. 5 c. Epictetus E d. Aristotle 1. 11 An ancient Greek was diagnosed as suffering from melancholia. This Ans. A individual was probably given a special diet as well as purgatives in order to App treat an imbalance of p. 5 a. black bile. E b. phlegm. c. yellow bile. d. blood. 1. 12 Which of the following descriptive terms would best reflect Hippocrates' Ans. C approach to abnormality? Con a. madness p. 5 b. evil E c. illness d. sinfulness 1. 13 You are Galen's medical assistant. What aspect of human psychology would Ans. D you be studying? App a. rational thinking processes p. 6 b. social behavior M c. intelligence d. temperament 2 1. 14 What sort of intervention would Epictetus most likely recommend for a Ans. A disordered individual? Fac a. a talking cure p. 6 b. laxatives and purgatives E c. prayer and faith healing d. commitment to a restful asylum 1. 15 "It's not what your boyfriend said to you that's upset you; it's the way you Ans. B interpreted his comments that is bothering you. " Which of the following Con philosophers would most heartily agree? p. 6 a. Aristotle M b. Epictetus c. Avicenna d. St. Vitus Stacy is a graduate student in clinical psychology and is learning the tools and techniques of psychotherapy. Her belief that these verbally-based methods will help her future clients is most similar to the view of the treatment of disorders. a. European Middle Ages' b. ancient Hebrews' c. ancient Egyptians' d. classical Greek and Romans' 1. 17 Aaron lives in a feudal society, marked by frequent wars and economic crises. Ans. C He also believes that abnormality is the work of the Devil. What is the most App likely year that Aaron is alive in Western Europe? p. 6 a. 120 B. C. C b. 410A. D. c. 755A. D. d. 1480 A. D. 1. 18 A magical potion made up of eye of newt, heart of a cat, and the ovary of a Ans. C goat killed on a Saturday midnight would probably be offered to a psychotic App person during what historical age? p. 6 a. Renaissance M b. classical Greco-Roman c. early European Middle Ages d. late Islamic Middle Ages The text The Canon of Medicine provided a bridge between the philosophy of and the of the Renaissance. a. Aristotle; science * b. Plato; rationalistic theology c. Socrates; medical practices d. Hippocrates; science 1. 16 Ans. D App p. 6 M 1. 19 Ans. A Con p. 6 M 3 1. 20 Although the rationalistic, naturalistic philosophy of the Greeks was lost during Ans. D the Dark Ages of Europe, where were their works preserved? Fac a. China p. 6 b. Spain E c. Indonesia d. Islam 1. 21 What commonality exists between the work of Greek physicians, Islamic Ans. B physicians, and the monasteries of Europe? Con a. They emphasized a supernatural approach to understanding causes of p. 6 abnormality. C b. They provided sanctuaries for disordered individuals. c. They pioneered psychological treatment methods that spurred the development of Renaissance asylums. d. They combined magic, common sense, and herbal remedies to treat disordered individuals. 1. 22 When and to whom would you credit the first use of hospitals for the Ans. B specialized treatment of mental disorders? Fac a. 4th century Roman physicians p. 6 b. 8th century Islamic physicians E c. 12th century European monks d. 16th century Renaissance physicians 1. 23 Whether caused by naturalistic or demonic forces, if you joined a group of Ans. A people jumping and dancing, tearing off clothing, and frolicking in the streets, App what form of madness would you be displaying? p. 7 a. tarantism E b. Dance de Diaboli c. folie en masse d. lycanthropy 1. 24 If you consulted the Malleus Maleficarum in the late 1400's, what was your Ans. B goal? App a. reconciliation of the teachings of the church and the values of humanism p. 7 b. the detection, exposure, and purging of witches E c. potions and incantations for the treatment of disordered individuals in asylums d. an understanding of the physical, mechanical workings of the human body 1. 25 Which of the following represents a strong backlash to the increasing influence Ans. D of the secular world in the early years of the Renaissance? Fac a. The Canon of Faith p. 7 b. Paracelsus' study of abnormal behavior E c. greater value placed on humanism d. Malleus Maleficarum 4 1. 26 Which item does not belong with the other three? Ans. A a. moral treatment Con b. advent of humanism p. 7 c. advent of the printing press C d. Copernicus' cosmology 1. 27 You live in a time in which books are becoming more readily available, Ans. D heretics are saying that the sun is the center of the universe, and humankind is App becoming a topic of study worthy in its own right. With whom are you living? p. 7 a. Plato and Hippocrates M b. Avicenna and Galen * c. Tuke and Pinel d. Copernicus and Paracelsus 1. 28 Which of the following represents the correct order of predominant themes Ans. C from the Greeks to the Middle Ages to the Renaissance? Con a. theological > psychological > rational p. 5-7 b. psychological > rational > theological M c. rational > theological > psychological d. supernatural > theological > psychological 1. 29 "I think, therefore I am. " The author of this phrase asserted that human mental Ans. A activity could be thought of in mechanical, physical terms. Who was he? Con a. Descartes p. 7 b. Epictetus M c. Copernicus d. Chiarugi 1. 30 You are a modem student in a field of study whose first member risked the Ans. D wrath of the church by condemning the practices in the Malleus Maleficarum. App In what field are you studying? p. 7 a. clinical psychology M b. family medicine c. philosophy d. psychiatry 1. 31 If you were a mentally disordered person in the 16th century, to whom would Ans. A you mm for humane help? App a. Weyer p. 7 b. Tuke M c. Sprenger d. Pinel 1. 32 The word "bedlam" derives its meaning from Ans. B a. the strange "magical" treatments carried out in early monastery asylums. Fac b. the deplorable conditions found in prison-like Renaissance hospitals for the p. 7 insane E c. the name of the city in which the first mental hospital was founded. d. the early bedrest treatment used for acutely disturbed patients in asylums. 5 1. 33 Which member of the moral treatment era and his country are mismatched? Ans. A a. Chiarugi: Spain Con b. Rush: U. S. p. 8 c. Pinel: France E d. Tuke: England 1. 34 In your report on the background and outcomes of the moral treatment era, Ans. C which statement should you omit? Con a. Bicetre Hospital in France was the site of the first unchaining of inmates in p. 8 1793. M b. The transformation of asylums into U. S. state hospitals resulted in * understaffing and eventual custodial care conditions. c. Conditions in asylums of the early 1700's, while less than optimal, were notably better than the conditions of such institutions in the Middle Ages. d. The treatment approaches taken by the reformers shared the naturalistic assumptions endorsed in the Enlightenment era. 1. 35 Candide is one of Pinel's early patients. Which treatment would he be most Ans. A UNLIKELY to receive? App a. bloodletting or purgatives p. 8 b. a release from his chains E c. an expectation that he would find employment d. exposure to fresh air, sunshine, and kindness 1. 36 A synopsis of the U. S. mental hygiene movement should include each of the Ans. B following statements EXCEPT Con a. the movement was led by a former mental patient who helped form the p. 9 National Committee for Mental Hygiene. M b. it began an era of humane treatment in the U. S., lasting until the 1950's and the discovery of drags. c. as a result of Dorothea Dix's efforts, several large state hospitals were constructed. d. its underlying assumptions regarding abnormality were essentially those held by Pinel, Tuke, and Rush. 1. 37 In your critique of the mental hygiene movement in the U. S., you would cite Ans. B each of the following factors for its decline EXCEPT Con a. the increasing reliance on biological vs social approaches to understanding p. 9 abnormality. M b. the discovery of drags effective for treating mental disorders. c. the shortage of staffing and resultant custodial care. d. the ineffectiveness of moral treatment for severely disturbed patients. 1. 38 Gregory is working for Dr. Emil Kraepelin in the late 1800's. What is likely Ans. A to be the focus of Gregory's efforts? App a. assisting with the development of a classification system for disorders p. 9 b. contributing to the discovery of the biological cause of general paresis M c. conducting studies of hypnosis for the cure of hysteria d. treating patients with bloodletting and tranquilizing chairs 6 1. 39 Hypnosis has a history stretching back to the Enlightenment. Which of the Ans. B following reflects a correctly matched portion of that history? Con a. Esdaile & magnetism p. 9 b. Breuer & the talking cure M c. Mesmer & hypnotic anesthesia d. Charcot & treatments for anxiety 1. 40 Hysteria is to general paresis as is to . Ans. D a. naturalistic; supernatural Con b. biological; psychological p. 9 c. supernatural; medical M d. psychological; biological 1. 41 After the successful discovery of the cause of general paresis, some physicians Ans. B were seeking the biological treatments for other mental disorders while Freud Fac was developing the first modern psychological approach, known as p. 9 a. hypnotherapy. E b. psychoanalysis. c. psychical conflict therapy. d. psychiatry. 1. 42 Dr. Ramirez works in a local community mental health center, conducting Ans. C assessment of intelligence, personality, and other characteristics, and she also App provides psychotherapy. What type of professional is she? p. 10 a. psychiatrist E b. clinical social worker c. clinical psychologist d. psychiatric nurse 1. 43 Dr. Dmg is a physician who has spent several years in a residency in which he Ans. D worked with individuals with mental disorders. What is his professional title? App a. clinical physician p. 10 b. clinical psychologist M c. psychiatric social worker d. psychiatrist 1. 44 Casandra was informed by her mental health professional that her anxiety Ans. C symptoms were caused by a disrupted pattern of neurochemical messages that App resulted in excessive motor activity, hyperalertness, and a sense of p. 11 apprehension. What is this health professional's model of abnormality? E a. psychoanalytic b. cognitive c. biological d. mentalistic 7 1. 45 Hypervigilance, emotional numbing, flashbacks, and other characteristics go Ans. D together under the label "post traumatic stress disorder". Patterns of App characteristics such as this are also referred to as a(n) p. 11 a. symptom constellation. E b. etiology. c. prognosis d. syndrome. 1. 46 Viktor is in a graduate program which involves several different disciplines Ans. B devoted to studying the structure, function, and chemistry of the nervous App system. What is the term for this area of study? p. 11 a. biocognitive psychology E b. neuroscience c. biochemistry d. neuroanatomy 1. 47 Your peripheral nervous system (NS) contains each of the following branches Ans. D EXCEPT the App a. autonomic NS. p. 11 b. somatic NS. E c. sympathetic NS. d. central NS. 1. 48 Which specific portion of your nervous system is controlling the movements of Ans. B your hand as you write your answers to mis exam? App a. autonomic p. 11 b. somatic E c. sympathetic d. peripheral 1. 49 You are studying quietly in the library when your best friend sneaks up and Ans. C surprises you from behind. You let out an embarrassing shriek, your heart is App racing, and your adrenaline is pumping. What specific portion of your nervous p. 12 system is active at this point? E a. autonomic b. somatic c. sympathetic d. parasympathetic 1. 50 What portion of your brain automatically regulates breathing, heart rate, and Ans. C blood pressure so that the rest of your brain can concentrate on other things, like App this exam? p. 12 a. thalamus E b. reticular formation c. medulla d. midbrain 8 1. 51 Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder in which an individual falls asleep without Ans. A warning, sometimes during emotionally arousing situations. Which brain App structure might be involved in such a disorder? p. 12 a. reticular formation M b. thalamus * c. cerebrum d. occipital lobe 1. 52 Kitar suffered damage to his cerebellum as a result of an automobile accident. Ans. C Which of Kitar's abilities is likely to be impaired? App a. ability to form and retrieve memories p. 12 b. responsiveness to rewarding environmental stimuli M c. his playing of the violin d. maintenance of arousal and attention 1. 53 It is true that you have "eyes in the back of your head". To which part of the Ans. B brain does this refer? App a. temporal lobe p. 12 b. occipital lobe. E c. parietal lobe, d. central lobe. 1. 54 The Four F's of motivation (fighting, fleeing, feeding, and mating) are Ans. D primarily controlled by the App a. cerebellum, p. 13 b. parietal lobe. M c. hindbrain. d. hypothalamus 1. 55 If information that was intended to be relayed to the visual cortex was Ans. B accidentally misrouted to the auditory cortex by this brain stmcture, you might App "see" noise. What structure would this be? p. 13 a. medulla M b. thalamus c. midbrain d. hypothalamus 1. 56 Your best friend insists that she has a "sweet tooth" and often craves sugary Ans. B snacks. Which portion of her endocrine system is most directly involved in App the control of such substances? p. 13 a. adrenal cortex E b. pancreas * c. thyroid d! adrenal medulla 1. 57 Atypically short or tall people can probably attribute the distinctiveness of their Ans. A height to their App a. pituitary, p. 13 b. thyroid. E c. cerebellum. d. adrenal medulla. 9 1. 58 When you get home from your first day in abnormal psychology class and talk Ans. B to your roommate about "this really cool psych class I'm taking", what App distinctive part of your brain makes this conversation possible? p. 13 a. cerebellum M b. cerebrum c. limbic system d. midbrain 1. 59 For you to read this question, tens of thousands of neurons must fire in several Ans. B patterns. To create this, their chemical messages are carried via App from one neuron to another. p. 14 a. synapses E b. neurotransmitters c. axons d. dendrites 1. 60 Your study notes from your text reading should include only ONE of the Ans. A following statements about neuron structure and function. Which should it be? Con a. The binding of a neurotransmitter on a receptor makes the receiving neuron p. 14 either more or less likely to fire. M b. Neurotransmitters are stored in dendrites and are released into the synaptic cleft when the neuron fires. c. Neurons are located only in the central nervous system, where bundles of their axons form information pathways. d. Little is known about the specific behavioral or cognitive effects of identified neurotransmitters. 1. 61 Imagine you were a neurotransmitter molecule. What is the correct order of Ans. A structures and events you would encounter during the firing of your neuron? App a. axon > synapse > receptor > dendrite's electrical change p. 14 b. synapse > receptor > dendrite > axon's electrical change C c. axon > receptor > synapse > dendrite's electrical change d. dendrite > synapse > axon > receptor's electrical change 1. 62 Some pesticides are extremely toxic to the human nervous system, causing Ans. C uncontrollable muscular tremors and convulsions. Which neurotransmitter is App involved in this reaction? p. 14 a. norepinephrine M b. GABA c. acetylcholine d, dopamine 1. 63 Yvette was given an experimental drug that made it difficult for her to Ans. D concentrate and disrupted her sleep and arousal patterns. What App neurotransmitter was affected? p. 14 a. acetylcholine M b. dopamine * c. GABA d. norepinephrine 10 164 How are proteins, which form and direct the structure of cells, formed? Ans. D a. Nucleotides direct the production of DNA which assembles nitrogen bases Fac and proteins. p. 15 b. Heterozygous chromosomes produce amino acids which assemble the M proteins. c. Amino acids direct the production of nitrogen bases which determine which proteins are assembled. d. DNA nucleotides direct the process in which amino acids are assembled into proteins. 1. 65 Blue eye color is a recessive genetic trait. This means that a blue-eyed Ans. C person's relevant alleles are App a. different, p. 16 b. polygenic. M c. alike. d. monogenic. 1. 66 Most human psychological characteristics are Ans. D a. genetically predetermined. Fac b. concordant, p. 16 c. recessive. E d. polygenic. 1. 67 A classmate has asked you to review her report on genetic influences on Ans. D behavior. Which statement would you recommend that she omit from that Con paper? p. 16 a. "Genes have an indirect effect on behavior through the production of C proteins that give rise to various cells' development. " b. "If an allele is dominant, it must also be a homozygous gene from the mother and the father in order to be expressed. " c. "Both internal and external events affect the expression of genes, and some genes may never be expressed. " d. "Genetic and environmental factors determine physical and behavioral characteristics, both independently contributing to the phenotype. " 1. 68 Diet sodas have a warning that states, "Attention phenylketonurics: Contains Ans. D phenylalanine". Which of the following is NOT true of this disorder? App a. It results in the failure to break down an amino acid found in many foods, p. 16 b. It is caused by a single dysfunctional gene. E c. It causes progressive mental deterioration. d. It is a disorder that occurs in approximately one percent of the population. 1. 69 Suppose that Dr. Palmer discovered that the impulse to bungee jump was related Ans. A to a single dominant gene (even though this is an unlikely scenario!). Which App family members would be most similar in this characteristic? p. 16 a. monozygotic twins E b. a parent and child c. dizygotic twins d. non-fraternal siblings 11 1. 70 Which of the following correctly reflects the progression from larger to smaller Ans. A elements of our genetics? Con a. chromosome > DNA > gene > nucleotide p. 17 b. DNA > gene > chromosome > nucleotide E c. nucleotide > gene > chromosome > DNA d. chromosome > nucleotide > DNA > gene 1. 71 Which of the following does not belong with the other three? Ans. A a. kum Con b. PKU p. 17 c. Huntington's M d. children's temperament 1. 72 Dr. Wehr is investigating the role of genetic factors in schizophrenia. Which Ans. A research approach would provide the most compelling evidence for that role? Con a. a study of individuals with the disorder who had been adopted, comparing p. 18 them to both their biological and adoptive parents. M b. a study of monozygotic twins reared together, both of whom have the * disorder. c. a study of the prevalence of schizophrenia in the immediate vs. distant biological relatives of schizophrenic persons. d. Any of the above approaches would be equally compelling. 1. 73 Suppose researchers discovered the specific "comedy" gene that influences the Ans. A ability to tell jokes successfully. If Javier is an extremely successful stand-up App comedian, what can you conclude about his genetic make-up? p. 18 a. You cannot be certain whether his talent is due to genes or to the C environment. b. If the comedy gene is a dominant allele, you can reasonably conclude his ability is genetically determined. c. If the comedy gene is a recessive allele, you cannot determine whether genes and/or environment determined his ability. d. Because behavior is affected by both nature and nurture, his ability is necessarily determined by both factors equally. 1. 74 Unconscious determinants of both normal and abnormal behaviors are the central Ans. D concern of Fac a. ego analysts, p. 18 b. behavioral theories. E c. cognitive theories, d. psychoanalysis. 1. 75 Who would see the misstatement "I loathe you" in place of "I love you" as an Ans. B indication of unconscious conflict? App a. Watson p. 18 b. Freud E c. Ellis d. Rogers 12 . 76 Instinct is to as morality is to . Ans. D a. ego; id Con b. id; ego p. 19 c. superego; ego E d. id; superego 1. 77 While sitting through a dry lecture in class, your thoughts are far away on a Ans. B fabulous yacht, where you are surrounded by a bevy of attractive servants who App obey your every whim. What fuels your daydream? p. 19 a. ego introjection E b. libido c. repression d. the fantasy principle 1. 78 Parents begin to shape appropriate personal and social behavior in the first three Ans. D years of a child's life. What is the fundamental effect of this influence on Fac her/his personality? p. 19 a. the superego's moral principle develops M b. primary defense mechanisms are developed c. aggressive instincts develop d. the ego begins to develop * 1. 79 You are debating whether to study for your upcoming psychology exam or go Ans. A out and gorge on pizza and beer with your friends. You decide to study for an App hour and then get a pizza delivered for you & your roommate. What portion of p. 19 your personality made this decision? E a. ego b. superego c. id d. pleasure principle 1. 80 Captain Janeway's would love to spend hours frolicking with her new Ans. D bridge officer, Lt. Yalta. Her instills guilt for thinking about anything App other than her official duties. In the end, Janeway's decides to review p. 19 critical systems' maintenance plans with Lt. Yalta, followed by dinner in 10 M Forward. a. ego; superego; id b. id; ego; superego c. ego; id; superego d. id; superego; ego 1. 81 Any decent human being would attempt to find the owner of lost money. You Ans. A found a nickel near your desk in class. Which portion of your personality App insists you return it to its rightful owner? p. 19 a. superego E b. id c. ego d. ego ideal 13 1. 82 Watching her dad take cookies out of the oven, two-year-old Andrea's id says, Ans. C " ", while her superego says " ". App a. "Gim'me, lots, now!!": "Could I please have a cookie?" p. 19 b. "Do I get some, Daddy? I'll share with you. ": "I'm a good girl & don't M need cookies. " c. "All mine!": nothing - It has not formed yet. d. Nothing - it has not formed y e t : "Sugar's not good for your teeth, Daddy. " 1. 83 The childish mannerisms and simplistic language exhibited by some psychotic Ans. D adults represents according to Freud. App a. repression p. 19 b. an inferiority complex E c. an id defense mechanism d. regression 1. 84 In regard to Freud's conceptualization of disruptions in psychosexual Ans. A development, which statement is incorrect! Con a. He abandoned the sexual "fantasy" theory to propose that adult disorders p. 20 were connected to experiences of molestation as a child. M b. He proposed that symptoms of mental disorders in adults are indirect expressions of longterm sexual fantasies and conflicts. c. The particular stage at which conflicts with parents and the larger social world occur shapes the kinds of symptoms an adult displays. d. Males and females have similar challenges in the first two stages of development but then diverge in the third stage, seen as the core of all neuroses. 1. 85 Your best friend borrows your pens & pencils, and when you get them back the Ans. C tops look like they've substituted for chewing gum! According to the App psychoanalytic theory, how would you 'diagnose' your friend? p. 20 a. anal-retentive E b. unsuccessful in resolving the Oedipal conflict c. orally fixated d. unsuccessful in introjecting parental discipline 1. 86 Danton drinks excessively when he is under pressure from his boss. Which of Ans. B the following descriptors does NOT apply to him? App a. oral fixation p. 20 b. absence of defense mechanisms M c. regression d. unresolved Oedipal complex 1. 87 On the television show Saturday Night Live, a chef character is known for his Ans. D obsessive cleanliness, orderliness, and perfectionism in the kitchen. In what App stage did this character become fixated? p. 20 a. phallic E b. oral c. genital d. anal 14 1. 88 Marco is four years old and enjoys mimicking his Dad around the house when Ans. B he's working. Marco also wants to be "just like my Dad" when he grows up. App He is in which psychosexual stage? p. 20 a. anal M b. phallic c. oral d. latency 1. 89 Given that psychosexual stages affect adult behavior, which stage and "fixated" Ans. A adult occupation or activity are incorrectly matched? Con a. genital: construction worker p. 20 b. oral: gossip columnist C c. anal: plumber d. phallic: surrogate mother 1. 90 Two young children are changing into their swimsuits and the young male says Ans. B to the young female, "No, you can't touch it; you already broke yours off. " This App Freudian-inspired joke implicitly refers to the young male's fear, known as p. 20 a. the Electa complex. E b. castration anxiety. c. penis fixation. d. introjection. * 1. 91 According to Freud, young females feel inferior to and envious of males. How, Ans. C then, will young Tamara most fully resolve her Electa complex? App a. by identifying with her father p. 20 b. by identifying with her mother M c. by having a child d. by marrying a virile, dominant male 1. 92 What is the correct order of psychosexual development? Ans. D a. oral > anal > phallic > genital > latency Fac b. anal > oral > genital > latency > sexual p. 20 c. anal > phallic > latency > puberty > genital E d. oral > anal > phallic > latency > genital 1. 93 Contemporary psychoanalytic theorists have substantially disagreed with Freud Ans. A on each of the following issues EXCEPT Con a. the importance of childhood experiences in shaping adult behaviors, p. 20 b. instincts as the primary motivation for behavior. M c. the centrality of unconscious processes. d. an emphasis on internal vs social influences on behavior 1. 94 Which of the following concepts does not belong with the other three? Ans. B a. superiority strivings Con b. psychosocial crisis p. 21 c. style of life E b. adaptive social interest 15 1. 95 Than was bullied by several schoolmates when he was in elementary school. As Ans. C an adult, he has devoted a great deal of time to 'cutthroat' business tactics, App planning and instigating the downfall of his competitors. Which theory would p. 21 most clearly explain the origins of this lifestyle? M a. Jung's * b. Erikson's c. Adler's d. Mahler's 1. 96 If you were to try to understand a client's difficulties by comparing her Ans. D experiences to the theory proposed by Erikson, which question might you ask? App a. "What sense of inferiority does she harbor from her childhood?" p. 21 b. "At what stage of psychosexual development did a possible fixation occur?" M c. "Does she have a healthy balance of connection and autonomy in her relationships?" d. "Did she develop a sense of trust in her earliest stage of social crisis?" 1. 97 According to theorists, adult psychopathology can be traced to Ans. A early disruptions in attachment to caregivers or a failure to achieve secure Fac independence. p. 21 a. object relations E b. social modeling c. learning d. cognitive 1. 98 Dr. Eve, a psychoanalyst, would employ several techniques in her work, but Ans. B is not one of them. App a. interpreting dreams p. 21 b. challenging irrational beliefs E c. encouraging free association d. exploring transference 1. 99 Last week you had to cancel an appointment with your client. Today, the client Ans. C accuses you of not caring about her and abandoning her. You are aware that App these same feelings were often experienced in her interactions with her parents, p. 21 What is the term for your client's reaction? M a. introjection b. projective identification c. transference d. fixated association 1. 100 The therapeutic goal of "re-parenting" in order to help a client form healthy, Ans. D secure adult relationships is the primary focus of therapy. Fac a. cognitive p. 21 b. ego analytic E c. behavioral d. object relations 16 1. 101 The law of effect is most similar to which Freudian concept? Ans. A a. pleasure principle Con b. libido p. 22, 19 c. reality principle C d. fixation * 1. 102 If you learn an abnormal behavior (e. g., helplessness) by associating your Ans. B actions with their environmental consequences (e. g., others take care of your App needs for you), what process accounts for this learning? p. 22 a. respondent E b. operant c. classical d. modeling 1. 103 The ABC's (antecedent, behavior, consequence) of learning are most clearly Ans. C outlined in the work of Con a. Pavlov, p. 22 b. Watson. M c. Skinner. d. Thorndike. 1. 104 Positive reinforcement makes a behavior likely to reoccur, and negative Ans. D reinforcement makes a behavior likely to reoccur. Fac a. less; less p. 22 b. less; more M c. more; less d. more; more 1. 105 When you take out the kitchen trash in order to stop your spouse's angry glare, Ans. A what operant process is occurring for your behavior? App a. negative reinforcement p. 22 b. punishment M c. positive reinforcement d. extinction 1. 106 Martine was laid off from his job, was having a great deal of conflict in his Ans. D marriage, and his family was frequently trying to give him advice. When he App drank alcohol, he found he didn't think about these problems and his wife and p. 22 family left him alone, not wanting to be around him when he was intoxicated. M What learning process accounts for Martine's developing alcohol abuse? * a. classical conditioning b. punishment c. social modeling d. negative reinforcement 17 1. 107 Miranda's parents put gold stars on a chart on the refrigerator every time she Ans. B puts her toys neatly away. When she gets 10 stars, she gets to go to a movie. App What operant process is taking place? p. 22 a. law of consequence E b. positive reinforcement c. negative punishment d. negative reinforcement 1. 108 A snack machine in the psychology building occasionally kept a professor's Ans. C money without dispensing any snack. After a while, she just went hungry. App What consequence occurred for her snack-buying behavior? p. 22 a. negative reinforcement C b. extinction c. punishment d. law of negative effect 1. 109 A depressed client's negative statements (e. g., "I'm a hopeless case", "Nothing Ans. A will ever get better") are subjected to extinction by her therapist and family. App This means p. 22 a. her negative statements will be ignored and will tend to become less M frequent. b. her irrational, negative statements will be challenged by her therapist and family. c. her therapist and family will positively reinforce optimistic statements and punish the negative ones. d. her classically conditioned responses will be modified by observing the behaviors of her therapist and family. 1. 110 In Pavlov's original studies of classical conditioning, what was the unconditioned Ans. B stimulus? Fac a. salivation p. 22 b. food E c. tone d. alerting responses 1. 111 In classical conditioning, what is the crucial association upon which learning is Ans. C based? Con a. the association of the unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response p. 22 b. the association between the neutral stimulus and the conditioned stimulus C c. the association between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus d. the association between the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response 18