Copyright © 2011, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th Edition Chapter 01: Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the “Internal Environment” Test Bank 1. The most abundant type of cell in th e human body is which of the following? A. Neuron B. Epithelial cell C. Red blood cell D. White blood cell E. Vascular smooth muscle cell F. Skeletal muscle cell ANS: C 2. The most abundant substance in the human body and the approximate percentage of that substance in the body is which of the following? A. Protein, 30% B. Protein, 60% C. Water, 30% D. Water, 60% E. Carbohydrate, 30% F. Carbohydrate, 60% ANS: D 3. A large volume of blood is transfused to a person whose baroreceptor blood pressure control system is not functioning and arterial blood pressure rises from the normal level of 100 to 160 mm Hg. If the same volume of bl ood is infused into the same person when the baroreceptor system is functioning and this time the arterial pressure increases from the normal level from 100 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg, calculate the gain of the baroreceptor system in this person. A. -3 B. -2 C. -1 D. 0 E. +1 F. +2 G. +3 ANS: B 4. Which of the following substances has the highe st extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid concentration ratio for most mammalian cells? Test Bank Copyright © 2011, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1-2
A. Sodium ions B. Potassium ions C. Carbon dioxide D. Glucose E. Protein ANS: A 5. Exchange of substances between the cardi ovascular system and the interstitial fluid occurs mainly in which of the following? A. Arteries B. Arterioles C. Capillaries D. Venules E. Veins ANS: C 6. Which of the following is the approximate dist ance from the capillaries to most cells of the body? A. Less than 50 angstroms B. Less than 50 microns C. Less than 50 millimeters D. Less than 100 angstroms E. Less than 100 microns F. Less than 100 millimeters ANS: A 7. When a person is at rest, how much time is required for the blood in the circulation to traverse the entire circulatory circuit? A. 1 second B. 1 minute C. 3 minutes D. 4 minutes E. 5 minutes ANS: B 8. ______ feedback is often referred to as a "vicious cycle" because it leads to _______ instability and sometimes death. A. Postitive, progressive B. Positive, diminished C. Negative, progressive D. Negative, diminished E. Adaptive, progressive
A. Sodium ions B. Potassium ions C. Carbon dioxide D. Glucose E. Protein ANS: A 5. Exchange of substances between the cardi ovascular system and the interstitial fluid occurs mainly in which of the following? A. Arteries B. Arterioles C. Capillaries D. Venules E. Veins ANS: C 6. Which of the following is the approximate dist ance from the capillaries to most cells of the body? A. Less than 50 angstroms B. Less than 50 microns C. Less than 50 millimeters D. Less than 100 angstroms E. Less than 100 microns F. Less than 100 millimeters ANS: A 7. When a person is at rest, how much time is required for the blood in the circulation to traverse the entire circulatory circuit? A. 1 second B. 1 minute C. 3 minutes D. 4 minutes E. 5 minutes ANS: B 8. ______ feedback is often referred to as a "vicious cycle" because it leads to _______ instability and sometimes death. A. Postitive, progressive B. Positive, diminished C. Negative, progressive D. Negative, diminished E. Adaptive, progressive
