ECON 101Ch. 11 Outline AP Euro Spielvogel, Western Civilization Since 1300, 9e Updated AP® Edition Chapter 11 Outline: The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

I. A Time of Troubles: Black Death and Social Crisis A. Famine and Population 1. Period of cold, bad weather conditions “Little Ice Age” led to famine and starvation. (first ½ of 19th century) 2. Population increased because of agricultural superiority. 3. Productive land became overpopulated and people started to move. B. The Black Death: From Asia to Europe 1. Role of the Mongols  Originated in Asia, Mongols spread the plague, high percentages of populations died.  The Plague also spread to the middle east. C. The Black Death in Europe 1. Life and Death: Reactions to the Plague  Trade routes made a large contribution to the diffusion of the plague through Europe throughout .  Plague did not die out after several centuries, until around 1500.  People began to do behave absurdly, considering that their days were numbered.  Many people reacted by connecting the plague to religion, for example Christians blamed Jews of poisoning wells and spreading the plague. 2. Art and the Black Death  The plague obliterated many great artists and those who survived were left with no optimism.  Art began to be based around death. D. Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval 1. Noble Landlords and Peasants  There was a shortage of labor which increased wages for workers.  Aristocrats attempted to lower the wages of workers. 2. Peasant Revolt in France  Peasants began to get frustrated and a revolt occurred in France.  Nobles did not like how wages were higher and prices were lower since they wanted to sustain their privileged position. 4. An English Peasant Revolt  Peasants and Aristocrats were both fighting to have the best possible place in the social class.  The monarchy imposed a tax on all citizens which led peasants to revolt when they refused to pay the tax. 5. Revolts in the Cities  Trade rates declined after the plague.  Manufacturers responded to the drop in demand by restricting competition and resisting demands from lower classes.  Industrial revolts by workers proceeded as they could not make any progress since their wages were low.