Page 1 of 64
“NAVLE QUESTIONS ASSURED ”LATEST EXAM
SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED
100% GRADED A+ (LATEST VERSION) WELL
REVISED GUARANTEE PASS
NAVLE Questions
A 4 year old Standardbred mare is examined in the fall with a 5 day history of
depression, left head tilt, facial paralysis, and worsening gait. The horse is
ataxic and knuckles on both forelegs, worse on the right. There is muscle
atrophy of the left shoulder and right hindquarters and strip localized
spontaneous sweating over the left trunk. Which diagnostic test would best
support the presumptive diagnosis?
A. Serum:CSF antibody titer ratios for Sarcocystis neurona
B. MRI to rule out nigropallidal encephalomalacia
C. Serum IgM capture ELISA for West Nile Virus
D. Serum Western blot analysis for eastern equine encephalomyelitis
E. Plasma antibody test for St. Louis encephalitis
A. Serum:CSF antibody titer ratios for Sarcocystis neurona
Tests for presumed equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)
A 12 year old neutered male black labrador retriever is presented with a 3 week
history of limping on the right fore. The lateral digit is swollen and the nail is
deviated ventrally, with ulceration of the nail bed. A lytic bone lesion of the 2nd
phalanx is visible on a radiograph and cytology of the mass suggests
neoplasia. Chest radiographs are clear. Following amputation of the digit,
, Page 2 of 64
histopathology indicates that the mass is a squamous cell carcinoma. Which
of the following is the best advice for the owner?
A. 95% chance he will survive 1 year
B. Chemotherapy is indicated
C. Radiotherapy is indicated
D. Guarded prognosis
E. 50% chance he will survive 1 year
A. 95% chance he will survive 1 year
SCCs have low metastatic rate and most have not metastasized by time of
diagnosis. Chest radiographs show no spread, which means good prognosis.
A 7 year old dog weighing 24 lbs is presented after the owner caught the dog
eating warfarin-containing rat poison the day before. The dog has no overt
clinical signs at presentation. Baseline coagulation parameters are normal (PT,
PTT, and proteins induced by vitamin K1 absence or antagonism (PIVKA)). The
dog is confined to limit exercise and is monitored. At 72 hours, PT and PIVKA
are elevated. Which one of the following choices is the most appropriate
treatment step?
A. Injectable vitamin K1, EOD
B. Plasma transfusion
C. Blood transfusion
D. Oral vitamin K1, SID
E. Activated charcoal
D. Oral vitamin K1, SID
Injectable can cause anaphylaxis in some animals
A 4 year old stallion presents with urine scald, fecal retention, and a right head
tilt. Recal examination reveals atonia of the anus and rectum, however, no
fracture is palpated. Which of the following tests is most indicated?
A. Antibodies against P2-myelin protein
B. Immunoblot against DNA fragments from P. tenuis
, Page 3 of 64
C. Search the pasture for yellow star thistle
D. Cervicothoracic spinal radiography
E. Tibial muscle and nerve biopsies
A. Antibodies against P2-myelin protein
Found in horses with polyneuritis equi
In which equine virus is antigenic drift the most important in the development
of novel strains?
A. Adenovirus
B. Herpesvirus-4
C. Herpesvirus-1
D. Influenza virus
E. Papillomavirus
D. Influenza virus
Due to point mutations in hemagluttinin and neuraminidase genes. Mutations occur
more rapidly in this RNA virus than DNA viruses like herpes and adenovirus
A 12 year old spayed female black Scottish terrier is presented with a 3 week
history of limping on the right forelimb. The second digit of the paw is
enlarged, ulcerated, and bleeding with a loose toenail. A lytic bone lesion of
the 3rd phalanx is visible on radiographs, and cytology of a fine needle
aspirate of the mass suggests neoplasia. If biopsy of the mass confirms
malignant subungual melanoma, which one of the following choices contain
the best advice to the owner?
A. Long term prognosis is excellent if the tumor is completely resected
B. Metastasis is common. Radical excision plus adjuvant therapies is typically
recommended
C. Due to the exquisite sensitivity of melanoma to radiotherapy, it is prefered
as a sole treatment
D. DNA-based vaccine encoding human tyrosinase is effective againt oral
tumors but not licensed for subungual melanoma
E. Nail bed melanomas in dogs are almost always benign and respond we
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B. Metastasis is common. Radical excision plus adjuvant therapies is typically
recommended.
Adjuvant therapies included chemotherapy, radiation, and/or vaccination. Median
survival is 12 months. In contrast, prognosis is good for squamous cell carcinomas.
Which animal is considered to be as susceptible to acetaminophen toxicity as
cats?
A. Dogs
B. Rabbits
C. Hamsters
D. Ferrets
E. Rats
D. Ferrets
Ferrets and cats metabolize acetaminophen slowly because they are deficient in
glucuronyl transferase. There are some reports of pot bellied pigs reacting poorly to
it. High doses are toxic to dogs and other animals
A mare presents with a history of herding and mounting other mares in a
broodmare group. During physical exam, the mare is very unruly and tries to
bite and kick. After sedation, rectal palpation findings reveal a walnut sized,
smooth left ovary and a softball sized right ovary. No ovulation fossa is
palpable on the right ovary. Which one of the following choices is the most
likely diagnosis for the right ovary?
A. Transitional status
B. Anovulatory follicle
C. Cystic ovary
D. Hematoma
E. Granulosa cell tumor
E. Granulosa cell tumor
GCTs secrete hormones such as testosterone, inhibin, and estrogen. Testosterone
causes stallion-like behavior, while estrogen causes persistent estrus.
“NAVLE QUESTIONS ASSURED ”LATEST EXAM
SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED
100% GRADED A+ (LATEST VERSION) WELL
REVISED GUARANTEE PASS
NAVLE Questions
A 4 year old Standardbred mare is examined in the fall with a 5 day history of
depression, left head tilt, facial paralysis, and worsening gait. The horse is
ataxic and knuckles on both forelegs, worse on the right. There is muscle
atrophy of the left shoulder and right hindquarters and strip localized
spontaneous sweating over the left trunk. Which diagnostic test would best
support the presumptive diagnosis?
A. Serum:CSF antibody titer ratios for Sarcocystis neurona
B. MRI to rule out nigropallidal encephalomalacia
C. Serum IgM capture ELISA for West Nile Virus
D. Serum Western blot analysis for eastern equine encephalomyelitis
E. Plasma antibody test for St. Louis encephalitis
A. Serum:CSF antibody titer ratios for Sarcocystis neurona
Tests for presumed equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)
A 12 year old neutered male black labrador retriever is presented with a 3 week
history of limping on the right fore. The lateral digit is swollen and the nail is
deviated ventrally, with ulceration of the nail bed. A lytic bone lesion of the 2nd
phalanx is visible on a radiograph and cytology of the mass suggests
neoplasia. Chest radiographs are clear. Following amputation of the digit,
, Page 2 of 64
histopathology indicates that the mass is a squamous cell carcinoma. Which
of the following is the best advice for the owner?
A. 95% chance he will survive 1 year
B. Chemotherapy is indicated
C. Radiotherapy is indicated
D. Guarded prognosis
E. 50% chance he will survive 1 year
A. 95% chance he will survive 1 year
SCCs have low metastatic rate and most have not metastasized by time of
diagnosis. Chest radiographs show no spread, which means good prognosis.
A 7 year old dog weighing 24 lbs is presented after the owner caught the dog
eating warfarin-containing rat poison the day before. The dog has no overt
clinical signs at presentation. Baseline coagulation parameters are normal (PT,
PTT, and proteins induced by vitamin K1 absence or antagonism (PIVKA)). The
dog is confined to limit exercise and is monitored. At 72 hours, PT and PIVKA
are elevated. Which one of the following choices is the most appropriate
treatment step?
A. Injectable vitamin K1, EOD
B. Plasma transfusion
C. Blood transfusion
D. Oral vitamin K1, SID
E. Activated charcoal
D. Oral vitamin K1, SID
Injectable can cause anaphylaxis in some animals
A 4 year old stallion presents with urine scald, fecal retention, and a right head
tilt. Recal examination reveals atonia of the anus and rectum, however, no
fracture is palpated. Which of the following tests is most indicated?
A. Antibodies against P2-myelin protein
B. Immunoblot against DNA fragments from P. tenuis
, Page 3 of 64
C. Search the pasture for yellow star thistle
D. Cervicothoracic spinal radiography
E. Tibial muscle and nerve biopsies
A. Antibodies against P2-myelin protein
Found in horses with polyneuritis equi
In which equine virus is antigenic drift the most important in the development
of novel strains?
A. Adenovirus
B. Herpesvirus-4
C. Herpesvirus-1
D. Influenza virus
E. Papillomavirus
D. Influenza virus
Due to point mutations in hemagluttinin and neuraminidase genes. Mutations occur
more rapidly in this RNA virus than DNA viruses like herpes and adenovirus
A 12 year old spayed female black Scottish terrier is presented with a 3 week
history of limping on the right forelimb. The second digit of the paw is
enlarged, ulcerated, and bleeding with a loose toenail. A lytic bone lesion of
the 3rd phalanx is visible on radiographs, and cytology of a fine needle
aspirate of the mass suggests neoplasia. If biopsy of the mass confirms
malignant subungual melanoma, which one of the following choices contain
the best advice to the owner?
A. Long term prognosis is excellent if the tumor is completely resected
B. Metastasis is common. Radical excision plus adjuvant therapies is typically
recommended
C. Due to the exquisite sensitivity of melanoma to radiotherapy, it is prefered
as a sole treatment
D. DNA-based vaccine encoding human tyrosinase is effective againt oral
tumors but not licensed for subungual melanoma
E. Nail bed melanomas in dogs are almost always benign and respond we
, Page 4 of 64
B. Metastasis is common. Radical excision plus adjuvant therapies is typically
recommended.
Adjuvant therapies included chemotherapy, radiation, and/or vaccination. Median
survival is 12 months. In contrast, prognosis is good for squamous cell carcinomas.
Which animal is considered to be as susceptible to acetaminophen toxicity as
cats?
A. Dogs
B. Rabbits
C. Hamsters
D. Ferrets
E. Rats
D. Ferrets
Ferrets and cats metabolize acetaminophen slowly because they are deficient in
glucuronyl transferase. There are some reports of pot bellied pigs reacting poorly to
it. High doses are toxic to dogs and other animals
A mare presents with a history of herding and mounting other mares in a
broodmare group. During physical exam, the mare is very unruly and tries to
bite and kick. After sedation, rectal palpation findings reveal a walnut sized,
smooth left ovary and a softball sized right ovary. No ovulation fossa is
palpable on the right ovary. Which one of the following choices is the most
likely diagnosis for the right ovary?
A. Transitional status
B. Anovulatory follicle
C. Cystic ovary
D. Hematoma
E. Granulosa cell tumor
E. Granulosa cell tumor
GCTs secrete hormones such as testosterone, inhibin, and estrogen. Testosterone
causes stallion-like behavior, while estrogen causes persistent estrus.
