NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology
2026 UTA Exam 1 Questions and verified
Answers |Already Graded A+| 2026
Brand New Version!!!
moderate hyponatremia - Correct Answer -Na 120-125
C.M. agitation, disorientation, headache
severe hyponatremia - Correct Answer -Na <120
C.M. seizures, coma, areflexia, incontinence, death
isotonic hyponatremia - Correct Answer -mOsm 280-295- not true hypovolemia-
from elevated triglycerides or serum proteins
hypertonic hyponatremia - Correct Answer -mOsm >295- from solutes other than
Na- osmotic pressure leads to fluid shift from intracellular to extracellular
,hypotonic hyponatremia - Correct Answer -mOsm <280 and urine Na >100- fluid
excess r/t intake or renal impairment
insulin effect on K+ - Correct Answer -K+ enters cell with glucose transport.
Monitor Type II DM for hypokalemia
acid base balance effect on K+ - Correct Answer -hydrogen enters cell, allowing
potassium to escape during acidosis, visa versa for alkalosis
Adrenergic agents effect on K+ - Correct Answer -albuterol, beta blockers, and
alpha adrenergic antagonists cause K+ movement into the cell. Alpha adrenergic
receptors shift K+ out of the cell
Osmolality effect on K+ - Correct Answer -hyperosmolality causes water to shift
out of cell via osmosis. K+ will also shift out, causing hyperkalemia.
Cell lysis effect on K+ - Correct Answer -intracellular K+ is released into
bloodstream
, Exercise effect on K+ - Correct Answer -cellular ATP is diminished, opening K+
channels and allowing K+ to leave cell
Kidneys effect on K+ - Correct Answer -excretion and absorption of K+ is regulated
by tubule system
calcium and phosphorus relationship - Correct Answer -inverse relationship- if one
increases= other one decreases, rehulated by PTH, Vit D, calcitonin
magnesium and potassium - Correct Answer -mag inhibits the potassium
channels, keeping balance. when mag is low, more K+ exits the call, and is
excreted via the kidneys.
calcium and ionized calcium - Correct Answer -acidosis increases ionized Ca+
alkalosis decreases ionized Ca+ and may cause symptoms of hypocalcemia
calcium and albumin - Correct Answer -When blood levels of albumin are low,
serum calcium levels will also be low as there is less protein available for binding
2026 UTA Exam 1 Questions and verified
Answers |Already Graded A+| 2026
Brand New Version!!!
moderate hyponatremia - Correct Answer -Na 120-125
C.M. agitation, disorientation, headache
severe hyponatremia - Correct Answer -Na <120
C.M. seizures, coma, areflexia, incontinence, death
isotonic hyponatremia - Correct Answer -mOsm 280-295- not true hypovolemia-
from elevated triglycerides or serum proteins
hypertonic hyponatremia - Correct Answer -mOsm >295- from solutes other than
Na- osmotic pressure leads to fluid shift from intracellular to extracellular
,hypotonic hyponatremia - Correct Answer -mOsm <280 and urine Na >100- fluid
excess r/t intake or renal impairment
insulin effect on K+ - Correct Answer -K+ enters cell with glucose transport.
Monitor Type II DM for hypokalemia
acid base balance effect on K+ - Correct Answer -hydrogen enters cell, allowing
potassium to escape during acidosis, visa versa for alkalosis
Adrenergic agents effect on K+ - Correct Answer -albuterol, beta blockers, and
alpha adrenergic antagonists cause K+ movement into the cell. Alpha adrenergic
receptors shift K+ out of the cell
Osmolality effect on K+ - Correct Answer -hyperosmolality causes water to shift
out of cell via osmosis. K+ will also shift out, causing hyperkalemia.
Cell lysis effect on K+ - Correct Answer -intracellular K+ is released into
bloodstream
, Exercise effect on K+ - Correct Answer -cellular ATP is diminished, opening K+
channels and allowing K+ to leave cell
Kidneys effect on K+ - Correct Answer -excretion and absorption of K+ is regulated
by tubule system
calcium and phosphorus relationship - Correct Answer -inverse relationship- if one
increases= other one decreases, rehulated by PTH, Vit D, calcitonin
magnesium and potassium - Correct Answer -mag inhibits the potassium
channels, keeping balance. when mag is low, more K+ exits the call, and is
excreted via the kidneys.
calcium and ionized calcium - Correct Answer -acidosis increases ionized Ca+
alkalosis decreases ionized Ca+ and may cause symptoms of hypocalcemia
calcium and albumin - Correct Answer -When blood levels of albumin are low,
serum calcium levels will also be low as there is less protein available for binding
