Chapter01: Nursing Today
j8 j8 j8
Potter:Fundamentals ofNursing, 11th Edition
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
MULTIPLE CHOICE j8
,1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
a. Florence Nightingale j8
b. Mary Nutting j8
c. ClaraBarton j8
d. Lillian Wald j8
ANS: A j 8
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
DIF:Understand (comprehension) j8
OBJ:Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance j 8 j8 j8 j8
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
nursing practice is the nurse following?
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C j 8
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
jdata pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse
8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
registered nurse implements (carries out) the identified plan.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
DIF:Understand (comprehension) j8
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 TOP:Planning j8
MSC: Management of Care
j8 j 8 j8 j8
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner j8
ANS: A j 8
, A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
health) is an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
multiple previous experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
and specific care required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
patients). This nurse is a competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
establish long-range goals. A nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation is
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
an advanced beginner. This experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
DIF:Apply (application) j8
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 TOP:Evaluation j8
MSC: Management of Care
j8 j 8 j8 j8
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids. The
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
demonstrating?
j8
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B j 8
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
independent nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN. Beyond the NCLEX-RN, the nurse may
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
choose to work toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
that you are responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
provided.
j8
DIF:Apply (application) j8
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 TOP:Implementation j8
MSC: Management of Care
j8 j 8 j8 j8
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
implementing?
j8
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B j 8
, A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or facility. As
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
an educator, you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
As a caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms,
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
and attain a maximal level function and independence through the healing process.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
DIF:Apply (application) j8
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 TOP:Implementation j8
MSC: Management of Care
j8 j 8 j8 j8
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
nurse. However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory development. To
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
fulfill this desire, which program should the nurse attend?
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc) j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) j8 j8 j8 j8
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP) j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN) j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
ANS: B j 8
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory development and
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
award the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing. Professional doctoral
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to clinical
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nurse
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
practitioners.
j8
DIF:Understand (comprehension) j8
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN) j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
education.
j8 TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care j 8 j 8 j8 j8
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American Nurses
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
Association. Which type of education did the nurse receive?
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
a. Graduate education j8
b. Inserviceeducation j8
c. Continuing education j8
d. Registered nurse education j8 j8
ANS: C j 8
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by universities,
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational and
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
health care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing, you can pursue
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
graduate education leading to a master’s or doctoral degree in any number of graduate fields,
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
including nursing. Inservice education programs are instruction or training provided by a health
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
care facility or institution. Registered nurse education is the education preparation for an
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
individual intending to be an RN.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
DIF:Apply (application) j8
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN) j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
j8 j8 j8
Potter:Fundamentals ofNursing, 11th Edition
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
MULTIPLE CHOICE j8
,1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
a. Florence Nightingale j8
b. Mary Nutting j8
c. ClaraBarton j8
d. Lillian Wald j8
ANS: A j 8
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
DIF:Understand (comprehension) j8
OBJ:Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance j 8 j8 j8 j8
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
nursing practice is the nurse following?
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C j 8
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
jdata pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse
8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
registered nurse implements (carries out) the identified plan.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
DIF:Understand (comprehension) j8
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 TOP:Planning j8
MSC: Management of Care
j8 j 8 j8 j8
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner j8
ANS: A j 8
, A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
health) is an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
multiple previous experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
and specific care required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
patients). This nurse is a competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
establish long-range goals. A nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation is
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
an advanced beginner. This experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
DIF:Apply (application) j8
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 TOP:Evaluation j8
MSC: Management of Care
j8 j 8 j8 j8
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids. The
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
demonstrating?
j8
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B j 8
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
independent nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN. Beyond the NCLEX-RN, the nurse may
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
choose to work toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
that you are responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
provided.
j8
DIF:Apply (application) j8
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 TOP:Implementation j8
MSC: Management of Care
j8 j 8 j8 j8
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
implementing?
j8
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B j 8
, A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or facility. As
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
an educator, you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
As a caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms,
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
and attain a maximal level function and independence through the healing process.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
DIF:Apply (application) j8
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 TOP:Implementation j8
MSC: Management of Care
j8 j 8 j8 j8
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
nurse. However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory development. To
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
fulfill this desire, which program should the nurse attend?
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc) j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) j8 j8 j8 j8
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP) j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN) j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
ANS: B j 8
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory development and
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
award the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing. Professional doctoral
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to clinical
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nurse
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
practitioners.
j8
DIF:Understand (comprehension) j8
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN) j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
education.
j8 TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care j 8 j 8 j8 j8
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American Nurses
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
Association. Which type of education did the nurse receive?
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
a. Graduate education j8
b. Inserviceeducation j8
c. Continuing education j8
d. Registered nurse education j8 j8
ANS: C j 8
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by universities,
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational and
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
health care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing, you can pursue
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
graduate education leading to a master’s or doctoral degree in any number of graduate fields,
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
including nursing. Inservice education programs are instruction or training provided by a health
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
care facility or institution. Registered nurse education is the education preparation for an
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
individual intending to be an RN.
j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
DIF:Apply (application) j8
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN) j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8 j8
