NUR 445 Exam 1-Complete Exam Study
Guide 2025/2026 - Accurate Questions
and Detailed Verified Answers with
Rationale | 100% Guaranteed Pass
(Latest Version)
This comprehensive study guide is designed for students preparing for their exams in
2025/2026. It includes a collection of complete questions across various subjects,
accompanied by accurate, detailed answers, and rationales that ensure a full understanding
of each concept. The guide covers a wide array of topics, from healthcare ethics and patient
care to clinical interventions and nursing practice. With a 100% guaranteed pass, this latest
version of the study guide helps students tackle complex exam questions and gain a deeper
insight into the subject matter, equipping them with the tools necessary for academic and
professional success.
The rationale provided with each answer not only helps you understand the "what" but also
the "why" behind the correct response, reinforcing your critical thinking and application skills.
This guide is updated to reflect the most current trends in the healthcare field, ensuring that
you are well-prepared for your exams. Whether you are studying for nursing exams,
certifications, or clinical rotations, this guide provides a solid foundation for your academic
journey.
Key Features:
• Complete Questions & Answers: Covers a wide range of topics, ensuring you're well-
prepared for every aspect of your exam.
• Detailed Rationales: Helps you understand why a specific answer is correct, enhancing
your critical thinking and retention.
• 100% Guaranteed Pass: Thoroughly updated to reflect current exam content,
guaranteeing success.
, • Latest Version: Content updated to match the latest academic standards and industry
best practices.
Key Terms:
1. Patient Assessment
2. Clinical Interventions
3. Evidence-Based Practice
4. Healthcare Ethics
5. Nursing Diagnosis
6. Patient-Centered Care
7. Pain Management
8. Chronic Illness Management
9. Healthcare Policies
10. Professional Development
What are some s/s of hypothyroidism?
non pitting edema
slowed metabolism
cold intolerance
weight gain + decrease in appetite
dry and brittle hair
dry skin
V/S: low RR, HR, and BP
What micronutrient is essential for thyroid hormone production?
iodine
What is it called when hypothyroidism become life threatening? s/s? nursing interventions?
- Myxedema coma; occurs as a result of untreated, or poorly managed hypothyroidism, may
occur with acute illness, injury, surgery, chemo, change in thyroid replacement, or use of
sedatives
,- s/s: respiratory failure (hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention), low BP, hypothermia,
bradycardia, dysrhythmia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, coma, facial edema, goiter, cold
extremities, peripheral edema, constipation
- Nursing interventions: admin O2, replace fluids and electrolytes, admin thyroid replacement
IV, ECG monitoring, keep patient warm, IV hydrocortisone is also often given to prevent adverse
effect of adrenal crisis
What is cretinism? What causes it? Tx?
condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in impaired cognitive function,
stunted growth, and poor work performance and behavior
the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed (because of iodine
deficiency)
thyroid replacement therapy
What is Hashimoto's thyroiditis? Dx?
- def: autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland
- Dx: blood test for antithyroid antibodies
What is the difference in thyroid hormones between primary and secondary/tertiary
hypothyroidism
- Primary: TSH is high, T3 and T4 are low
- Secondary/tertiary: TSH is normal or low, T3 and T4 are low
What are the thyroid replacement medications and what are their indications?
- Levothyroxine (first line of treatment for hypothyroidism in patients), Liothyronine, Liotrix
- All of these meds should be taken first thing in the morning on an empty stomach, 30 minutes
before breakfast
What is hyperthyroidism? S/S?
- increased T3 and T4 hormones which increases the metabolic rate
- S/S: tachycardia, HTN, heat intolerance, weight loss even with increased caloric consumption,
insomnia and fatigue, hair loss, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, anxiety/nervousness, thyroid
bruit, increased GI motility
What autoimmune disease is a type of hyperthyroidism? S/S?
, Graves disease; body makes antibodies against either TSH or against certain cells in the thyroid
s/s: causes hyperthyroidism s/s + exophthalmos, goiter, and GI issues
What is it called when hyperthyroidism becomes life threatening? S/S? nursing interventions?
- Thyroid storm (Thyrotoxicosis); severely high thyroid hormone levels cause dangerously
overactive metabolism
- S/S: tachycardia, fever, HTN, abd pain, tremors, altered LOC/agitation
- Nursing interventions: airway management, antithyroid meds, radioactive iodine, beta-
blockers for tachycardia, large doses of glucocorticoids, cooling blankets, monitor for respiratory
complications (altered LOC), cardiac dysrhythmias, and seizures
What is the difference in blood thyroid levels between primary hyperthyroidism and
secondary/tertiary hyperthyroidism?
- Primary: TSH is low while T3 and T4 are high
- Secondary/tertiary: TSH is high while T3 and T4 are high
What medications are used to treat hyperthyroidism? MOA?
Thioamides
- Propylthiouracil: diverts iodine pathways used to make T4 and blocks conversion of T4 into T3
- Methimazole: blocks iodine combining with proteins needed to make T4, also blocks T4 from
being converted to T3
- Lithium: concentrates in the thyroid gland to block T4 synthesis
- Radioactive iodine (i 131): decreased blood flow/vascularity of thyroid gland
How do we treat hyperthyroidism if medications do not work? pt teaching? nursing
considerations?
- Tx: Thyroidectomy
- Ed: Patient will need to take levothyroxine for the rest of their life
- Considerations: monitor calcium levels because damage to the parathyroid glands can cause
hypocalcemia (s/s include muscle spasms, cramps, or aches, laryngospasm, tingling in lips,
mouth, hands, or feet, possible seizures)
What is Addison's disease?
hypo-corticosteroid/ adrenal insufficiency
most common in women between 30-50
S/S of addison's disease?
Guide 2025/2026 - Accurate Questions
and Detailed Verified Answers with
Rationale | 100% Guaranteed Pass
(Latest Version)
This comprehensive study guide is designed for students preparing for their exams in
2025/2026. It includes a collection of complete questions across various subjects,
accompanied by accurate, detailed answers, and rationales that ensure a full understanding
of each concept. The guide covers a wide array of topics, from healthcare ethics and patient
care to clinical interventions and nursing practice. With a 100% guaranteed pass, this latest
version of the study guide helps students tackle complex exam questions and gain a deeper
insight into the subject matter, equipping them with the tools necessary for academic and
professional success.
The rationale provided with each answer not only helps you understand the "what" but also
the "why" behind the correct response, reinforcing your critical thinking and application skills.
This guide is updated to reflect the most current trends in the healthcare field, ensuring that
you are well-prepared for your exams. Whether you are studying for nursing exams,
certifications, or clinical rotations, this guide provides a solid foundation for your academic
journey.
Key Features:
• Complete Questions & Answers: Covers a wide range of topics, ensuring you're well-
prepared for every aspect of your exam.
• Detailed Rationales: Helps you understand why a specific answer is correct, enhancing
your critical thinking and retention.
• 100% Guaranteed Pass: Thoroughly updated to reflect current exam content,
guaranteeing success.
, • Latest Version: Content updated to match the latest academic standards and industry
best practices.
Key Terms:
1. Patient Assessment
2. Clinical Interventions
3. Evidence-Based Practice
4. Healthcare Ethics
5. Nursing Diagnosis
6. Patient-Centered Care
7. Pain Management
8. Chronic Illness Management
9. Healthcare Policies
10. Professional Development
What are some s/s of hypothyroidism?
non pitting edema
slowed metabolism
cold intolerance
weight gain + decrease in appetite
dry and brittle hair
dry skin
V/S: low RR, HR, and BP
What micronutrient is essential for thyroid hormone production?
iodine
What is it called when hypothyroidism become life threatening? s/s? nursing interventions?
- Myxedema coma; occurs as a result of untreated, or poorly managed hypothyroidism, may
occur with acute illness, injury, surgery, chemo, change in thyroid replacement, or use of
sedatives
,- s/s: respiratory failure (hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention), low BP, hypothermia,
bradycardia, dysrhythmia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, coma, facial edema, goiter, cold
extremities, peripheral edema, constipation
- Nursing interventions: admin O2, replace fluids and electrolytes, admin thyroid replacement
IV, ECG monitoring, keep patient warm, IV hydrocortisone is also often given to prevent adverse
effect of adrenal crisis
What is cretinism? What causes it? Tx?
condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in impaired cognitive function,
stunted growth, and poor work performance and behavior
the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed (because of iodine
deficiency)
thyroid replacement therapy
What is Hashimoto's thyroiditis? Dx?
- def: autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland
- Dx: blood test for antithyroid antibodies
What is the difference in thyroid hormones between primary and secondary/tertiary
hypothyroidism
- Primary: TSH is high, T3 and T4 are low
- Secondary/tertiary: TSH is normal or low, T3 and T4 are low
What are the thyroid replacement medications and what are their indications?
- Levothyroxine (first line of treatment for hypothyroidism in patients), Liothyronine, Liotrix
- All of these meds should be taken first thing in the morning on an empty stomach, 30 minutes
before breakfast
What is hyperthyroidism? S/S?
- increased T3 and T4 hormones which increases the metabolic rate
- S/S: tachycardia, HTN, heat intolerance, weight loss even with increased caloric consumption,
insomnia and fatigue, hair loss, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, anxiety/nervousness, thyroid
bruit, increased GI motility
What autoimmune disease is a type of hyperthyroidism? S/S?
, Graves disease; body makes antibodies against either TSH or against certain cells in the thyroid
s/s: causes hyperthyroidism s/s + exophthalmos, goiter, and GI issues
What is it called when hyperthyroidism becomes life threatening? S/S? nursing interventions?
- Thyroid storm (Thyrotoxicosis); severely high thyroid hormone levels cause dangerously
overactive metabolism
- S/S: tachycardia, fever, HTN, abd pain, tremors, altered LOC/agitation
- Nursing interventions: airway management, antithyroid meds, radioactive iodine, beta-
blockers for tachycardia, large doses of glucocorticoids, cooling blankets, monitor for respiratory
complications (altered LOC), cardiac dysrhythmias, and seizures
What is the difference in blood thyroid levels between primary hyperthyroidism and
secondary/tertiary hyperthyroidism?
- Primary: TSH is low while T3 and T4 are high
- Secondary/tertiary: TSH is high while T3 and T4 are high
What medications are used to treat hyperthyroidism? MOA?
Thioamides
- Propylthiouracil: diverts iodine pathways used to make T4 and blocks conversion of T4 into T3
- Methimazole: blocks iodine combining with proteins needed to make T4, also blocks T4 from
being converted to T3
- Lithium: concentrates in the thyroid gland to block T4 synthesis
- Radioactive iodine (i 131): decreased blood flow/vascularity of thyroid gland
How do we treat hyperthyroidism if medications do not work? pt teaching? nursing
considerations?
- Tx: Thyroidectomy
- Ed: Patient will need to take levothyroxine for the rest of their life
- Considerations: monitor calcium levels because damage to the parathyroid glands can cause
hypocalcemia (s/s include muscle spasms, cramps, or aches, laryngospasm, tingling in lips,
mouth, hands, or feet, possible seizures)
What is Addison's disease?
hypo-corticosteroid/ adrenal insufficiency
most common in women between 30-50
S/S of addison's disease?
