NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM | 170
COMPLETE AND GRADED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 LATEST
UPDATED | 100% GRADED CORRECT | 100% GUARANTEED TO PASS |
GET A+
Asthma - (answer)Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - (answer)coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - (answer)-airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and
smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
,Bronchioles - (answer)smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the
alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - (answer)innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - (answer)the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - (answer)embedded with connective tissue cells and immune
cells
purpose of the lamina propria - (answer)white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - (answer)the WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue
,What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - (answer)columnar epithelial ells and
mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - (answer)smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - (answer)control the airways ability to
constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - (answer)When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should
due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - (answer)the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces
mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - (answer)-expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of
CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - (answer)tiotropium and ipratropium
, What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - (answer)These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - (answer)the parasympathetic system is stimulated by
the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis - (answer)inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - (answer)bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
COMPLETE AND GRADED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 LATEST
UPDATED | 100% GRADED CORRECT | 100% GUARANTEED TO PASS |
GET A+
Asthma - (answer)Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - (answer)coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - (answer)-airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and
smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
,Bronchioles - (answer)smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the
alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - (answer)innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - (answer)the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - (answer)embedded with connective tissue cells and immune
cells
purpose of the lamina propria - (answer)white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - (answer)the WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue
,What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - (answer)columnar epithelial ells and
mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - (answer)smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - (answer)control the airways ability to
constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - (answer)When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should
due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - (answer)the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces
mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - (answer)-expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of
CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - (answer)tiotropium and ipratropium
, What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - (answer)These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - (answer)the parasympathetic system is stimulated by
the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis - (answer)inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - (answer)bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
