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Maryville University: Nurs 611 - Exam
4 Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
What is primary dysmenorrhea attributed to? Ans: Excessive
endometrial prostaglandin production.
What causes secondary dysmenorrhea? Ans: Disorders such as
© 2026 Assignment
endometriosis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease,
uterine fibroids, polyps, tumors, ovarian cysts, or IUDs.
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What is endometriosis? Ans: The presence of functioning
Expert
endometrial tissue or implants outside the uterus.
What are common sites of endometriosis implantation? Ans:
Pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, uterosacral ligaments, and other
areas like the GI tract and lungs.
What are common symptoms of endometriosis? Ans: Pain,
infertility, dysmenorrhea, dysuria, dyspareunia, constipation,
and abnormal vaginal bleeding.
What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)? Ans: A condition
characterized by irregular ovulation, elevated androgen levels,
and polycystic ovaries.
What are the cardinal features of PCOS? Ans: Hyperandrogenic
state and ovulatory dysfunction.
What role does insulin resistance play in PCOS? Ans: It
aggravates the hyperandrogenic state and contributes to the
severity of symptoms.
, 2
What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)? Ans: An acute
inflammatory process caused by infection of the upper genital
tract.
What are the consequences of PID? Ans: Scarring, adhesions,
infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.
Which infections commonly cause PID? Ans: Gonorrhea and
chlamydia.
© 2026 Assignment
What is bacterial vaginosis (BV)? Ans: A noninflammatory
condition caused by an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria,
leading to malodorous discharge.
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
What is Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)? Ans: The descent of the
vaginal wall, uterus, or apex of the vagina.
What are common causes of POP? Ans: Childbirth trauma,
pelvic floor surgery, obesity, and chronic conditions.
What is a cystocele? Ans: Descent of a portion of the posterior
bladder wall into the vaginal canal.
What symptoms are associated with a cystocele? Ans:
Urination issues, pelvic discomfort, and frequent UTIs.
What is a rectocele? Ans: Bulging of the rectum and posterior
vaginal wall into the vaginal canal.
What is an enterocele? Ans: Herniation of the rectouterine
pouch into the rectovaginal septum.
What is ovarian cancer often referred to as? Ans: The 'silent
killer' due to its asymptomatic nature until late stages.
, 3
What genetic factors are associated with ovarian cancer? Ans:
Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
What role do BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes play in breast cancer?
Ans: BRCA1 is a tumor-suppressor gene, while BRCA2 helps
repair damaged DNA.
How does a mutation in BRCA1 affect cell proliferation? Ans: It
inhibits or alters its suppressor function, leading to
uncontrolled cell growth.
© 2026 Assignment
What is a common characteristic of breast cancer in males?
Ans: They are more likely to have a BRCA2 mutation than a
Guru01 - Stuvia
BRCA1 mutation.
Expert
What are the main categories of breast cancer risk factors?
Ans: Age, gender, personal and family history, histologic,
genetic, reproductive factors, exogenous hormone use, and
environmental factors.
What environmental factors are associated with breast cancer?
Ans: Smoking, increased alcohol consumption, and obesity.
How does adipose tissue contribute to breast cancer? Ans: It
secretes leptin that promotes breast cancer cell proliferation
by inhibiting cell death signaling pathways.
What lifestyle factor decreases immune function and increases
inflammation related to breast cancer? Ans: Sedentary
lifestyle.
What are the symptoms of bladder outflow obstruction (BOO)
in males? Ans: Urinary hesitancy, intermittency, nocturia, and
dribbling.
Maryville University: Nurs 611 - Exam
4 Questions and Answers (100%
Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
What is primary dysmenorrhea attributed to? Ans: Excessive
endometrial prostaglandin production.
What causes secondary dysmenorrhea? Ans: Disorders such as
© 2026 Assignment
endometriosis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease,
uterine fibroids, polyps, tumors, ovarian cysts, or IUDs.
Guru01 - Stuvia
What is endometriosis? Ans: The presence of functioning
Expert
endometrial tissue or implants outside the uterus.
What are common sites of endometriosis implantation? Ans:
Pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, uterosacral ligaments, and other
areas like the GI tract and lungs.
What are common symptoms of endometriosis? Ans: Pain,
infertility, dysmenorrhea, dysuria, dyspareunia, constipation,
and abnormal vaginal bleeding.
What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)? Ans: A condition
characterized by irregular ovulation, elevated androgen levels,
and polycystic ovaries.
What are the cardinal features of PCOS? Ans: Hyperandrogenic
state and ovulatory dysfunction.
What role does insulin resistance play in PCOS? Ans: It
aggravates the hyperandrogenic state and contributes to the
severity of symptoms.
, 2
What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)? Ans: An acute
inflammatory process caused by infection of the upper genital
tract.
What are the consequences of PID? Ans: Scarring, adhesions,
infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.
Which infections commonly cause PID? Ans: Gonorrhea and
chlamydia.
© 2026 Assignment
What is bacterial vaginosis (BV)? Ans: A noninflammatory
condition caused by an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria,
leading to malodorous discharge.
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
What is Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)? Ans: The descent of the
vaginal wall, uterus, or apex of the vagina.
What are common causes of POP? Ans: Childbirth trauma,
pelvic floor surgery, obesity, and chronic conditions.
What is a cystocele? Ans: Descent of a portion of the posterior
bladder wall into the vaginal canal.
What symptoms are associated with a cystocele? Ans:
Urination issues, pelvic discomfort, and frequent UTIs.
What is a rectocele? Ans: Bulging of the rectum and posterior
vaginal wall into the vaginal canal.
What is an enterocele? Ans: Herniation of the rectouterine
pouch into the rectovaginal septum.
What is ovarian cancer often referred to as? Ans: The 'silent
killer' due to its asymptomatic nature until late stages.
, 3
What genetic factors are associated with ovarian cancer? Ans:
Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
What role do BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes play in breast cancer?
Ans: BRCA1 is a tumor-suppressor gene, while BRCA2 helps
repair damaged DNA.
How does a mutation in BRCA1 affect cell proliferation? Ans: It
inhibits or alters its suppressor function, leading to
uncontrolled cell growth.
© 2026 Assignment
What is a common characteristic of breast cancer in males?
Ans: They are more likely to have a BRCA2 mutation than a
Guru01 - Stuvia
BRCA1 mutation.
Expert
What are the main categories of breast cancer risk factors?
Ans: Age, gender, personal and family history, histologic,
genetic, reproductive factors, exogenous hormone use, and
environmental factors.
What environmental factors are associated with breast cancer?
Ans: Smoking, increased alcohol consumption, and obesity.
How does adipose tissue contribute to breast cancer? Ans: It
secretes leptin that promotes breast cancer cell proliferation
by inhibiting cell death signaling pathways.
What lifestyle factor decreases immune function and increases
inflammation related to breast cancer? Ans: Sedentary
lifestyle.
What are the symptoms of bladder outflow obstruction (BOO)
in males? Ans: Urinary hesitancy, intermittency, nocturia, and
dribbling.
